Jadir Nogueira da Silva

Thermofluidynamic Analysis of a Combustor Chamber Coupled to a Biomass Downdraft Gasifier

Biomass is one of the most promising renewable energy sources. Abundantly, the potential as an alternative source to meet the world energy demand has been widely acknowledged. Gasification is one of the most efficient processes concerning thermochemical conversion, having as objective the production of a gas with useful energy power, known as producer gas. In order to optimize thermochemical processes such as the combustion of gases and subsequent gas mixture, computer modeling is becoming an important tool. Aiming to improve the performance of a combustion chamber, previously coupled to a downdraft gasifier, a thermofluidynamic model was elaborated and validated, using the concepts of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was reported that temperature, pressure, and velocity distributions of the computational model showed good consistency with experimental data, which allows using this model to predict the performance of this type of combustion chambers.

Tensão térmica e taxa de reação em um reator para gaseificação de biomassa do tipo concorrente

A conversao da energia quimica da biomassa em outras formas de energia pode ser processada de diversas maneiras. Dentre essas, encontra-se a gaseificacao, que utiliza reatores para conversao da biomassa em gas combustivel. Para o dimensionamento de um gaseificador e seus constituintes, varios fatores devem ser levados em consideracao, desde as caracteristicas do combustivel ate as reais necessidades de energia termica liberada. Especificamente no dimensionamento da grelha, alguns indices servem de referencia, como a tensao termica e a taxa de reacao. Este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a taxa de reacao e a tensao termica de uma grelha plana utilizada em um gaseificador bem como comparar os valores obtidos com aqueles recomendados para o dimensionamento de grelhas em fornalhas. Foi utilizado um gaseificador de biomassa de fluxo concorrente de pequena escala, ao qual foi acoplada uma câmara para combustao do gas produzido. O combustivel utilizado foi toretes de eucalipto, em pedacos com diâmetro de 4 a 8 cm e comprimento de 10 a 20 cm. Conclui-se que os indices de taxa de reacao e tensao termica encontrados podem ser utilizados como parâmetros para o dimensionamento de grelhas de gaseificadores de leito fixo.

Air Quality inside Broiler Facilities Located in the South of Brazil in Winter Conditions

Brazilian poultry facilities offer greater possibility for natural ventilation as compared to facilities placed in colder countries. However, the information about gas concentrations inside these buildings is limited. These gas concentrations can be harmful to workers and animal health. Thus, the objective of this work was monitoring the gas concentrations most commonly found inside poultry production environment and the influence of three different heating systems in the gas concentrations. The research was developed at nine commercial poultry facilities, where CO, CO2 and NH3 concentrations inside the production environment were evaluated. It can be concluded that despite instantaneous concentrations of NH3 and CO being found at levels above recommended by literature, the health of animals was not affected, which could be shown by the animal performance values.

NOTA TÉCNICA: CAMA DE FRANGO E RESÍDUO MOVELEIRO: ALTERNATIVA ENERGÉTICA PARA A ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA

The production of broiler chickens and industrial furniture manufacturing, are two very significant economic activities for Mesoregion the Zone of Mata Mineira. Both activities generate large amounts of waste in their production processes. It is estimated that the volume of poultry litter is generated around 78,624 tons/year. But the Polo furniture of Uba produces an average of 480 tons/year. In almost all of the time these wastes are disposed in the environment at random, being characterized as environmental liabilities. Given the composition of characteristics of poultry litter the furniture waste and the need to produce in a sustainable way can adopt these biomasses as a local alternative energy for decentralized power generation. This can occur through the production of briquettes and pellets mixed and its various utilization processes (combustion, gasification, cogeneration) in some productive sectors of the region. The objective was to discuss the possibilities of using poultry litter and furniture residue Polo Uba, associated or not, and propose sustainable energy alternatives for the region of Zone of Mata Mineira.

ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE SISTEMAS DE AQUECIMENTO DE INSTALAÇÕES AGROPECUÁRIAS PARA CRIAÇÃO DE FRANGOS DE CORTE

The correct setting is an extremely important parameter for better yields in the creation of broilers. In this sense, there was a review of concepts needed to assess the problem and understand the chickens heating needs, and from then develop a simplified energy balance of poultry houses facilities. Later it was possible to determine the need for heating during the creation of broilers. The results were obtained from simulation data already published in the literature. Climatic data were considered as the city of Vicosa - MG where nearby there are several producers of broiler chickens. Finally, it analyzed the cost of heating with natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, wood chips and electricity. It was found that the wood chips is the energy source that provides the best financial results.

AVALIAÇÃO DO CONJUNTO MOTOR GERADOR MONOFÁSICO ALIMENTADO COM BIOGÁS PURIFICADO DA FERMENTAÇÃO ANAERÓBIA DE DEJETOS DE SUÍNOS - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984.v22n04a04

The generation of electricity using organic residue from animal production farms is not very well known in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of using a 30 kVA monophase generator engine set in order to generate electricity by the combustion of purified biogas. It was used three physicochemical processes for removing hydrogen sulphide, which were wet filtration (0.1 m3 H2O + 20 kg of CaO and 10 kg of charcoal); dry filtering (50 kg flat wire annealed No. 06 and 10 kg of charcoal) and filtering in series (wet filtering followed by dry filtering), fillings the filters with the same proportions. Performance of the generator engine set was evaluated as a function of operating time. Based on the results, it could be concluded that on average the filtering systems reduced emission of SO2 and CH4 of the generator engine set and maintained emission of H2S. The wet filtering with calcium hydroxide resulted in the highest theoretical and observed yields for the generator engine set set, which were 29% and 12%, respectively.

Avaliação do Desempenho e Eficiência Energética de Um Secador para Café de Fluxos Concorrentes e Contracorrentes

This study was done to evaluate the performance and energy efficiency of a coffee grain dryer using concurrent and counter-current air flow. The first concurrent flow drying stage was separated from the second counter-current flow stage by a repose chamber. The first drying treatment was characterized by intermittent drying with mixing with the air at 45°C, and the second by intermittent drying with continuous reflux at the air at 70°C. In the first drying system initial and final moisture contents were 33.9 ± 5.0 and 11.8 ± 0.7% (w.b.), respectively, compared to 29.0 ± 3.6 and 11.6 ± 1.0% in the second treatment. The grain temperature remained within the recommended values for coffee. Intermittent drying, with continuous mixing, at 70°C consumed less energy compared to the intermittent drying with intermittent mixing at 45°C, and there was greater specific energy consumption in tests where the drying was concluded in few hours after the repose period.

Rizinusöl als Kraftstoff – Chancen und Risiken

Castor oil is more than just a raw material in great demand by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In several southern countries its use as a fuel is also being discussed in conjunction with social and ecological aspects. A few properties, in particular the extremely high viscosity and high water content, complicate the use of castor oil as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Better perspectives may be possible by transesterification and adding this biodiesel to fossil diesel fuel. This however calls for considerably lower castor oil prices than are now being paid on the world market.