James N. Carroll

EMISSION FACTORS FOR SMALL UTILITY ENGINES

A major gap exists in available baseline emissions data on the small utility engine population between the mid-1970s and present day. As part of the input required for a standard- setting process, the California Air Resources Board has funded limited laboratory emission measurements on a number of modern small engines, both 2-stroke and 4- stroke designs. Exhaust constituents characterized in this study include total hydrocarbons, reactive hydrocarbons (RHC), methane, CO, NOx, CO2, O2, aldehydes, and particulate matter. A total of nine engines were evaluated, spanning the range from the smallest widely- used 2-strokes (about 20 cc displacement) to 4-strokes approaching 20 hp. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 852385.

Marine outboard and personal watercraft engine gaseous emissions, and particulate emission test procedure development

The U.S. EPA and the California Air Resources Board have adopted standards to reduce emissions from recreational marine vessels. Existing regulations focus on reducing hydrocarbons. There are no regulations on particulate emissions; particulate is expected to be reduced as a side benefit of hydrocarbon control. The goal of this study was to develop a sampling methodology to measure partic late emissions from marine outboard and personal watercraft engines. Eight marine engines of various engine technologies and power output were tested. Emissions measured in this program included hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen. Particulate emissions will be presented in a follow-up paper.