James W. Leahy

The asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction as a template in organic synthesis

Abstract The Baylis-Hillman reaction of camphor-based acrylates has been demonstrated to result in the formation of products with high optical purity. A model that explains these results and the use of these products in the formation of anti aldol adducts is discussed.

The versatile steroid nucleus: Design and synthesis of a peptidomimetic employing this novel scaffold.

Abstract The design and synthesis of peptidomimetic 1 employing the novel cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene skeleton is described. The large body of steroid literature allows for the introduction of diverse peptidal side chains with precise regio- and stereoselective control. Compound 1 binds to the fibrinogen receptor on blood platelets (GP IIb/IIIa), for which it was designed, with an IC50 of ca. 100 μM.

Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of potent, novel, small molecule inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.

We have synthesized and evaluated a series of tetramic acid-based and hydroxyquinolinone-based inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). These studies resulted in the identification of several compounds which showed excellent potency against PAI-1. The design, synthesis and SAR of these compounds are described.

The enantioselective total synthesis of the antitumor macrolide natural product rhizoxin D

Abstract A convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of rhizoxin D (didesepoxy-rhizoxin), a potent antitumor natural product, was achieved via three critical olefinations, including a Horner-Emmons macrocyclization.

Discovery of a novel class of highly potent, selective, ATP-competitive, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

A series of novel, highly potent, selective, and ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors based on a benzoxazepine scaffold have been identified. Lead optimization resulted in the discovery of inhibitors with low nanomolar activity and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the closely related PI3K kinases. Compound 28 (XL388) inhibited cellular phosphorylation of mTOR complex 1 (p-p70S6K, pS6, and p-4E-BP1) and mTOR complex 2 (pAKT (S473)) substrates. Furthermore, this compound displayed good pharmacokinetics and oral exposure in multiple species with moderate bioavailability. Oral administration of compound 28 to athymic nude mice implanted with human tumor xenografts afforded significant and dose-dependent antitumor activity.

Discovery of a Novel Series of Potent and Orally Bioavailable Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ Inhibitors

The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have been linked to an extraordinarily diversified group of cellular functions making these enzymes compelling targets for the treatment of disease. A large body of evidence has linked PI3Kγ to the modulation of autoimmune and inflammatory processes making it an intriguing target for drug discovery. Our high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign revealed two hits that were nominated for further optimization studies. The in vitro activity of the first HTS hit, designated as the sulfonylpiperazine scaffold, was optimized utilizing structure-based design. However, nonoptimal pharmacokinetic properties precluded this series from further studies. An overlay of the X-ray structures of the sulfonylpiperazine scaffold and the second HTS hit within their complexes with PI3Kγ revealed a high degree of overlap. This feature was utilized to design a series of hybrid analogues including advanced leads such as 31 with desirable potency, selectivity, and oral bioavailability.

Rhizoxin synthetic studies. 2. Synthesis of the left hand [C(10) to C(19)] and polyene fragments

The syntheses of the central core and the polyene fragments of the antitumor macrolide rhizoxin have been achieved in an efficient manner. The core has been prepared in enantiopure form via an asymmetric allylation/aldol protocol. The selective oxidation of dienes was studied and realized in fair yield to generate the requisite aldol precursor. The oxazole polyene fragment was generated in six steps from serine.

Absolute configuration of phorboxazole A C32C43 analogs by CD exciton-coupling of allylic 2-naphthoate esters

Abstract The configurations of phorboxazole model compounds 4a and 4b were assigned as (33 R ,35 S ,37 S ,38 S ) and (33 R ,35 S ,37 S ,38 R ), respectively, by analysis of exciton coupling in the corresponding 2-naphthoate esters. Spectroscopic comparisons with phorboxazoles A and B provides independent proof of the 38 R absolute configuration of these natural products .

Discovery of a novel class of potent and orally bioavailable sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonists.

A series of subtype selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) antagonists are disclosed. Our high-throughput screening campaign revealed hit 1 for which an increase in potency and mouse oral exposure was achieved with minor modifications to the chemical scaffold. In vivo efficacy revealed that at high doses compounds 12 and 15 inhibited tumor growth. Further optimization of our lead series led to the discovery of proline derivatives 37 (XL541) and 38 which had similar efficacy as our first generation analogues at significantly lower doses. Analogue 37 displayed excellent pharmacokinetics and oral exposure in multiple species.

Sar and in Vivo Evaluation of 4-Aryl-2-Aminoalkylpyrimidines as Potent and Selective Janus Kinase 2 (Jak2) Inhibitors

We report the discovery of a series of 4-aryl-2-aminoalkylpyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective JAK2 inhibitors. High throughput screening of our in-house compound library led to the identification of hit 1, from which optimization resulted in the discovery of highly potent and selective JAK2 inhibitors. Advanced lead 10d demonstrated a significant dose-dependent pharmacodynamic and antitumor effect in a mouse xenograft model. Based upon the desirable profile of 10d (XL019) it was advanced into clinical trials.