Jan Dyduch

Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Caraway Roots (Carum Carvi L.)

Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Caraway Roots (Carum Carvi L.) Zdolność znoszenia rodnika DPPH przez ekstrakty z korzeni kminku zwyczajnego wzrastała wprost proporcjonalnie do długości okresu wegetacji, zawartości flawonoidów i stężenia ekstraktów. Zawartość Flawonoidów i Aktywność Antyoksydacyjna Korzeni Kminku Zwyczajnego (Carum Carvi L.) Oznaczono zawartość flawonoidów oraz określono aktywność antyoksydacyjną ekstraktów z korzeni kminku zwyczajnego odmiany ‘Kończewicki’ w pierwszym roku uprawy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wykazano istotną zależność pomiędzy zawartością związków flawonoidowych a wiekiem korzeni kminku. Podczas sezonu wegetacyjnego poziom flawonoidów w badanych korzeniach stopniowo wzrastał i kształtował się na poziomie średnio od 0,153 mg·g-1 p.s.m. w czerwcu do 0,512 mg·g-1 p.s.m. w październiku. Najwięcej tych związków zawierały korzenie roślin uprawianych w roku 2006 (średnio 0,312 mg·g-1 p.s.m.).

Comparative analysis of secondary metabolites contents in Fragaria vesca L. fruits

Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry) belongs to the Rosaceae family. Besides the leaves (Fragariae folium) and roots (Fragariae radix), the aromatic fruits (Fragariae fructus) of wild strawberry are also herbal materials used in medicine. The aim of this study was to compare the value of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of wild strawberry fruits (Fragaria vesca L.). The fruits were analyzed regarding their secondary metabolites contents (flavonoids, sum of phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, DPPH), depending on the origin of the raw material (from natural habitats vs. cultivation). According to the obtained results, raw material originating from natural habitats contained significantly more flavonoids (0.559 mg∙g(-1)), compared to fruits harvested from cultivation (0.472 mg∙g(-1), on average). Mean concentration of phenolic acids ranged from 1.648 mg∙g(-1) - 2.348 mg∙g(-1), although the wild form was characterized by higher levels of examined substances. Tannins are an important fraction of phenolic compounds; their content in studied fruits ranged from 2.2% (from cultivation) - 3.0% (from natural habitats). When comparing the average contents of anthocyanins in the studied materials, it was revealed that remarkably more of these compounds were recorded in wild strawberry fruits harvested from natural habitats vs. those from cultivations: 132 mg∙100 g(-1) vs. 90 mg∙100 g(-1). A difference was indicated with respect to the ability of DPPH radical reduction to diphenylpicrylhydrazine by extracts made of examined fruits.

The Content of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Strawberry Fruit (Fragaria vesca L.)

Chemical analyses carried out in 2011–2013 aimed at evaluating the contents of flavonoids, free phenolic acids, tannins, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (%) by means of DPPH radical neutralization ability in fresh and air-dried fruits of three wild strawberry cultivars. Examinations revealed differences in contents of biologically active substances determined in raw versus dried material depending on the cultivar. Mean concentrations of flavonoids and tannins were highest in raw fruits of “Baron von Solemacher” cv., which amounted to 1.244 mg·g−1 and 6.09%, respectively. Fresh fruits of “Regina” cv. were characterized by the highest average content of phenolic acids and anthocyanins: 4.987 mg·g−1 and 0.636 mg·100 g−1. The pattern of mean contents of biologically active substances analyzed in air-dried fruits was similar. Significant differences in abilities to neutralize the DPPH radical to diphenylpicrylhydrazine by extracts made of examined wild strawberry fruits were also indicated.

Influence of terms sowing and methods cultivation on the mas inflorences and seeds of two form moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

Acquaintance of dependence among time - limit of sowing anfd with manner of tillage and with beginning of blooming and with recent mass of inflorescence and also of seeds has essential meaning both for economies in apiary, efficiencies of crop of seeds, which can be raw material that time - limit of sowing how and manner of tillage have influence on recent mass of inflorescence how and of seeds investigated od from dragonhead. One ascertained, that plants from fifth time - limit of sowing former unripe. One showed also, that both recent mass of inflorence how and of seeds independently from time - limit of sowing and of manner of tillage depends from circumstances climatically and former different in investigated years.