Magdalena Kapłan

The impact of no-tillage cultivation and white mustard as a cover crop on weed infestation and yield of carrot and red beet

In a two-year field experiment, no-tillage cultivation using white mustard (Sinapis alba L. ‘Bardena’), 30 kg ha−1, as a cover crop did not influence emergence of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ‘Czerwona Kula REW’) and had a favorable effect on emergence of carrot (Daucus carota L. ‘Berlikumer 2 – Perfekcja REW’). However, further growth of both vegetables was significantly slower under no-tillage cultivation. Both vegetables produced a higher yield of roots and the diameter of these roots was bigger under conventional cultivation. The effect of cultivation method on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in carrot and red beet leaves varied, while the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and total sugars was significantly higher in the roots of both vegetables harvested under no-tillage cultivation. The number of weeds growing on no-tilled plots covered with mustard mulch 4 weeks after seed sowing was lower by about 75%, but their fresh weight was higher more than 6 times in comparison to that under conventional cultivation. This was caused by the emergence of wintering and winter hardy weeds in places not covered by mustard plants in the autumn of the year preceding the cultivation of vegetables. Next year, they started to grow in the early spring and some of them produced a considerable amount of fresh weight and attained the flowering stage in the middle of April.

EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON YIELD QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF GRAPEVINE ‘REGENT’ IN SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND

Globally, the application of rootstocks for grapevine cultivation has been a standard, while in the northern regions, like in Poland where the viticulture tradition is relatively short, the selection of the most suitable rootstock types requires multi-year observation and research. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of six following rootstock types: ‘101-14 Mgt’, ‘161-49C’, ‘125AA’, ‘5BB’, ‘SO4’, ‘SORI’, and own-rooted vines on yield quantity and quality of ‘Regent’ grapevine in south-eastern Poland. The three-year research period indicates that the vines on ‘125AA’ tended to produce not only the highest yields but had positive influence on the number and weight of clusters and berry weight as well. Whereas the vines grafted onto ‘161-49C’ gave the lowest yields and had the smallest number of clusters per vine. The fruit extract content in ‘Regent’ grapes on ‘101-14 Mgt’ rootstock was found to be significantly lowest among those under study. The extract content and yield of grapevines evaluated in the own-rooted vines and those grafted to the rootstocks which formed one group, did not differ.

Wpływ podkładki na kwitnienie i owocowanie trzech odmian jabłoni [Influence of rootstocks on flowering and yielding of three apple cultivars]

During seven years of study, only in 2001 year cv. Jonagold had significantly more flowers on the trees budded on M.9 rootstock than on M.26, and cv. Red Boskoop flowering was significantly stronger on M.26 than on M.9. During all period of observation, rootstocks did not influence significantly the flowering intensity of cv. Gloster. In orchard with hight density of trees (2460 szt. × ha -1 ), the first symptoms of irregularity of flowering were observed in the 8 th year (1998) after plented. In 2002 year all trees in the experimental orchard did not flowered. In our condition the bevstyielding observed for diploidal cultivar Gloster.