Janaína Valadares Guimarães

Anatomopathological aspects of neurocysticercosis in autopsied patients

The aim of this paper was to describe the occurrence and morphology of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in autopsies. We revised 2218 autopsies performed at the School Hospital from Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, 1970-2003. Data referring to age, gender and color of patients were reported and NCC was microscopically and macroscopically analyzed. We found 53 (2.4%) NCC cases. The mean age was 50 years old, 34 (64.1%) individuals were male and 36 (67.9%) white. Macroscopically, 17 cysticerci were analyzed. The most frequent location was meningocortical in 12 (70.6%) cases. Microscopically, the cysticerci presented an ovoid shape, containing the larvae preserved in 4 (23.5%) cases or in destruction degrees in 13 (76.5%) cases. Therefore, in NCC was found several general pathologic processes (necrosis, interstitial deposits, fibrosis, gliosis, inflammation) amongst which are highlighted beta-fibrillose in 13 (76.5%) cases associated to inflammatory process in 16 (94.1%) cases caused by the parasite, not yet related to NCC, and calcification present in viable and destruction parasites.

Acidente humano por picadas de abelhas africanizadas

It is report five cases of stings of africanized bees (AB). Four of them were vitims of multiple stings, varying from 25 to 60, that presented severe headache, nauseas and vomits, related to the clinic effect of the toxicity of the venom, with good evolution. The other case was victim of a single sting of AB and died after probable anaphylaxis.

Cardiovascular profile after intravenous injection of Africanized bee venom in awake rats

The manifestations caused by Africanized bee stings depend on the sensitivity of the victim and the toxicity of the venom. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated cardiac changes and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in the kidney of rats inoculated with Africanized bee venom (ABV). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) over a period of 24 h after intravenous injection of ABV in awake rats. A significant reduction in basal HR as well as in basal MAP occurred immediately after ABV injection in the experimental animals. HR was back to basal level 2 min after ABV injection and remained normal during the time course of the experiment, while MAP returned to basal level 10 min later and remained at this level for the next 5 h. However, MAP presented again a significant reduction by the 7th and 8th h and returned to the basal level by the 24th h. The fall in MAP may contribute to the pathogenesis of ATN observed. The fall in MAP probably is due to several factors, in addition to the cardiac changes already demonstrated, it is possible that the components of the venom themselves or even substances released in the organism play some role in vascular beds.

Human accident for stings of Africanized bee

It is report five cases of stings of africanized bees (AB). Four of them were vitims of multiple stings, varying from 25 to 60, that presented severe headache, nauseas and vomits, related to the clinic effect of the toxicity of the venom, with good evolution. The other case was victim of a single sting of AB and died after probable anaphylaxis.

Scientific evidence on perineal trauma during labor: Integrative review

OBJECTIVE To assess the scientific evidence for management and preservation of perineal integrity during the expulsive stage of labor. STUDY DESIGN Integrative review that employed the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome strategy to formulate the research question: Which perineal measure(s) is(are) effective in maintaining perineal integrity during labor? The search was performed in the databases MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF and SciELO. The ten selected studies were analyzed based on their level of evidence and grade of recommendation. RESULTS Four categories of measures were located: antenatal perineal care, perineal massage during the expulsive phase of labor, manual perineal support during the expulsive phase of labor and perineal hyaluronidase injection. CONCLUSION Based on its level of evidence, perineal massage with lubricants performed by the women or their partners at the end of pregnancy may be recommended as a measure favorable for perineal protection.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLINICAL, PLACENTARY, OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL ASPECTS AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCIES

Objective: to analyze clinical, placental and obstetric aspects of women with and without high-risk pregnancy, and their relationship with intrauterine growth deviations and neonatal aspects. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was based on an analysis of the medical records of women with and without high-risk pregnancy and newborns, and anatomopathological characterization of the placenta. Results: 265 placentas were analyzed, 130 (49.06%) women with high-risk pregnancy and newborns with intrauterine growth deviations. A higher occurrence of placental changes was found in high-risk pregnancy and uterine growth deviations in comparison to cases without high-risk pregnancy (p≤0.001). High-risk pregnancies with intrauterine growth deviations were associated with placental changes (p≤0.001). Intrauterine growth deviations was related to birth weight in cases of high-risk pregnancy compared to normal gestation (p=0.014). Conclusion: a higher occurrence of placental anatomopathological changes was found in maternal and fetal surfaces in cases of high-risk pregnancy and intrauterine growth deviations.

RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS, PLACENTÁRIOS, OBSTÉTRICOS E NEONATAIS E O CRESCIMENTO INTRAUTERINO NA GESTAÇÃO DE ALTO RISCO

Objective: to analyze clinical, placental and obstetric aspects of women with and without high-risk pregnancy, and their relationship with intrauterine growth deviations and neonatal aspects. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was based on an analysis of the medical records of women with and without high-risk pregnancy and newborns, and anatomopathological characterization of the placenta. Results: 265 placentas were analyzed, 130 (49.06%) women with high-risk pregnancy and newborns with intrauterine growth deviations. A higher occurrence of placental changes was found in high-risk pregnancy and uterine growth deviations in comparison to cases without high-risk pregnancy (p≤0.001). High-risk pregnancies with intrauterine growth deviations were associated with placental changes (p≤0.001). Intrauterine growth deviations was related to birth weight in cases of high-risk pregnancy compared to normal gestation (p=0.014). Conclusion: a higher occurrence of placental anatomopathological changes was found in maternal and fetal surfaces in cases of high-risk pregnancy and intrauterine growth deviations.

RELACIÓN ENTRE LOS ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS PLACENTARIOS, OBSTÉTRICOS Y NEONATALES Y EL CRECIMIENTO INTRAUTERINO EN LA GESTACIÓN DE ALTO RIESGO

Objective: to analyze clinical, placental and obstetric aspects of women with and without high-risk pregnancy, and their relationship with intrauterine growth deviations and neonatal aspects. Method: this is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was based on an analysis of the medical records of women with and without high-risk pregnancy and newborns, and anatomopathological characterization of the placenta. Results: 265 placentas were analyzed, 130 (49.06%) women with high-risk pregnancy and newborns with intrauterine growth deviations. A higher occurrence of placental changes was found in high-risk pregnancy and uterine growth deviations in comparison to cases without high-risk pregnancy (p≤0.001). High-risk pregnancies with intrauterine growth deviations were associated with placental changes (p≤0.001). Intrauterine growth deviations was related to birth weight in cases of high-risk pregnancy compared to normal gestation (p=0.014). Conclusion: a higher occurrence of placental anatomopathological changes was found in maternal and fetal surfaces in cases of high-risk pregnancy and intrauterine growth deviations.

Historical aspects of osteochondral junction studies in perinatal autopsies

Through analysis of the fetal ribs’ osteochondral junction (OCJ), it is possible to investigate abnormalities of the fetal growth that may be directly associated with the mechanism that led to death. The first studies on rib’s OCJs were carried out in the area of plastic surgery and oral surgery, with the aim to study the OCJ cartilage growth type and to improve the quality of mandibular grafts using rib fragments.1–7 Rib’s OCJs from stillbirths began to be studied in the beginning of the 1960’s, and these studies correlated OCJ morphological alterations with nutritional disorders, such as rickets. In addition, it was determined that intercurrences during pregnancy could cause changes to the OCJ, and that it would be possible to estimate the duration of intrauterine stress by analyzing the OCJ.8–13

Emergency contraception: knowledge and attitudes of nursing students

This study aims to identify the knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception among nursing students from a public university in Goiás--a state in Brazil. A descriptive and analytical research methodology with a quantitative approach was used, applying, from February to May 2011 a questionnaire on the sexual knowledge and attitude of students regarding emergency contraception. 178 students participated in the study. Knowledge was confirmed through the high frequency of correct answers to the questions, especially those concerning the correct time and the instructions for use (between 86%-96%). Although many students use this method, there are still some doubts about the mechanism of action, side effects and access availability (frequency of correct answers lower than 50%). We noticed the need to develop educational policies that encourage the promotion of sex education in schools and universities.