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Dive into the research topics where Jane K. Hart is active.

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Featured researches published by Jane K. Hart.


IEEE Computer | 2004

Environmental sensor networks

Kirk Martinez; Jane K. Hart; Royan Ong

The developments in wireless network technology and miniaturization makes it possible to realistically monitor the natural environment. Within the field of environmental sensor networks, domain knowledge is an essential fourth component. Before designing and installing any system, it is necessary to understand its physical environment and deployment in detail. Sensor networks are designed to transmit data from an array of sensors to a server data repository. They do not necessarily use a simple one way data stream over a communication network rather elements of the system decide what data to pass on, using local area summaries and filtering to minimize power use while maximizing the information content. The Envisense Glacs Web project is developing a monitoring system for a glacial environment. Monitoring the ice caps and glaciers provides valuable information about the global warming and climate change.


Quaternary Science Reviews | 1991

The interrelation of glaciotectonic and glaciodepositional processes within the glacial environment

Jane K. Hart; Geoffrey Boulton

Abstract In recent years it has been recognised that ice/sediment coupling occurred beneath the Quaternary ice sheets that advanced over the soft sediments of lowland areas. This paper looks in detail at the effects of this coupling on the sediments, which results in glaciotectonic deformation, and also discusses the interaction of deformation and deposition within the subglacial environment. Two types of glaciotectonic deformation are discussed that are produced by the active movement of ice: (1) proglacial tectonics at the margin, which include compressive fold styles such as listric thrusts and faults and open folding; (2) subglacial tectonics formed beneath the glacier, which include fold styles resulting from simple shear and represent a soft rock purely dynamic shear zone. Styles of deformation associated with stagnant ice are also investigated. We argue that glaciotectonic deformation is a common phenomenon and an integral part of geological record from continental ice sheets. It is suggested that zones of deformation within the sediment are related to similar zones of strain in the ice sheet, and complex deformation sequences are produced by the superimposition of these differing styles upon one another as the ice sheet advances and retreats. It is also argued that subglacial deposition and deformation are related and that on soft beds underformed till is rare, whilst deformed till is very common.


sensor, mesh and ad hoc communications and networks | 2004

Glacsweb: a sensor network for hostile environments

Kirk Martinez; Royan Ong; Jane K. Hart

A sensor network is described which obtains data from nodes on and inside glaciers. Power management through scheduling and selective control is used to allow a lifetime of at least one year on batteries. Radio links in the glacier and across 2.5 km distances are used for data and commands. The prototype system was installed in Norway in 2003 and this paper describes details of the full design for 2004 through discussion of the lessons learnt.


Sedimentary Geology | 1994

Criteria to distinguish between subglacial glaciotectonic and glaciomarine sedimentation. I: Deformation styles and sedimentology

Jane K. Hart; David H. Roberts

Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the sedimentology and structural geology of a Quaternary glaciomarine site (Melabakkar-Asbakkar, Iceland) and a Quaternary subglacial glaciotectonic site (West Runton, UK). Research suggests that the glaciomarine environment is dominated by sedimentary processes, related to sediment supply, water content and distance from the glacier margin. Glaciotectonic deformation, however, is dominated by deformational processes, related to effective pressure, shear strain, nature of the subglacial material and distance from the glacier margin. From this study a series of criteria are suggested to distinguish both Quaternary and contemporary glaciotectonic and glaciomarine environments. In addition, the paper also discusses the subsequent effects of glaciotectonic deformation on a primary glaciomarine site due to a glacial readvance.


Progress in Physical Geography | 1995

Subglacial erosion, deposition and deformation associated with deformable beds

Jane K. Hart

There is an inter-relationship among subglacial deformation, deposition and erosion associated with a glacier moving over a deformable bed. It is suggested that both subglacial deposition and erosion are produced by a number of processes at the 1) icesheet/subglacial deforming layer interface; 2) within the subglacial deforming layer; and 3) at the base of the deforming layer. These processes may result in two styles of net subglacial deforming bed deposition: 1) constructional deformation where the deforming layer moves upwards through the sequence; or 2) excavational deformation where the deforming layer moves down through the sequence. It is suggested that the best evidence for net subglacial deforming bed erosional conditions are drumlins. Changes in subglacial hydrology are also discussed, and the relationship of eskers and tunnel valleys to deforming bed conditions. Sedimentary techniques to identify homogeneous deforming bed tills in the field are also suggested. Criteria include a wide range of fabric strengths depending on the thickness of the deforming layer, rotated clasts, miniflutes, flow around clasts, predictable basal till units (constructional or excavational) and possibly boulder pavements. Finally the extent and style of deforming bed conditions that existed during the glaciations of Britain and Ireland are discussed.


Quaternary Science Reviews | 1997

The relationship between drumlins and other forms of subglacial glaciotectonic deformation

Jane K. Hart

This paper brings together the field data from 33 drumlins to show the relationship between drumlin formation and other subglacial deforming bed processes. It is shown that there is a drumlin structure continuum: (a) depositional - which are similar to flutes, formed by sediment flowing into the low pressure area behind a large obstacle - and these conditions are mostly found within rock-cored drumlins; (b) deformational - which contain different styles of deformation associated with a relatively weak core, including: stoss-side deformation (including both small and large scale; brittle and ductile deformation), stoss and lee-side deformation, compressive deformation and extensional deformation; (c) erosional - which consist of either truncated stratified sequences, or homogeneous tills with distinct ice flow patterns. Furthermore, it is suggested that if more sediment enters the deforming layer than can be removed, then there will be net subglacial deposition which will result in the build up of a deforming bed till; but if more sediment leaves the deforming layer then net erosion will occur. Under net erosional conditions, any obstacle to flow may be left behind as a drumlin. Thus although individual drumlins have different internal structures they are formed associated with subglacial net erosion. 0 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Quaternary International | 2001

Approaches to the study of glacier bed deformation

Jane K. Hart; James Rose

Investigation of glacier bed conditions and subglacial processes is an obligatory requirement for the modelling and understanding of contemporary glacier behaviour, past glacier behaviour, glacier response to both spatial and temporal variations in bed material, and glacier response to external forcing factors such as climate change. The recognition of the importance of coupling between the glacier and its bed resulted in a ‘paradigm shift’ in the subject and drew attention to the critical importance of subglacial deformation as opposed to simply subglacial deposition and sliding. A number of methods have been adopted to measure glacier bed deformation, ranging from direct observation and instrumentation, the interpretation of macroscale and microscale sedimentary structures, to the interpretation of glacier bedforms and glacier/bed modelling. This paper is concerned to describe the methods used by the two authors and co-workers, and attention is given to field methods, the type and arrangement of sedimentary structures, thin-section micromorphology and microfabric, and clast microfabric and glacier bedform morphology as evidence of subglacial deformation. Sedimentary structures (macro- and mesoscale) are used to identify constructional deformation where deformational units are preserved one on top of another due to the formation of a thin deforming layer by low basal stresses, and excavational deformation, in which the deformational style is superimposed on pre-existing styles due to increasing thicknesses of glacier deformation caused by increasing basal shear stresses. Thin section micromorphology has been used to define a range of glacial processes of which subglacial deformation is just one, but has drawn attention to critical criteria, such as discrete microscale shears, orientated matrix, kink structures and fractured grains, as well as deformed intraclasts, that can be used to recognise deformational processes. More recently, individual aggregates taking the form of rounded ‘pebbles’ within till matrix, have been shown to reflect rotational processes during glacial deformation and provide an additional mechanism to discrete shear within subglacial deformation and an explanation for the transport paths of subglacial materials. Finally, measurements of sediment flow directions using clast macrofabric characteristics, coupled with measurement of quantities of sediment transfered and detailed palaeoglacial properties have been used to determine the rates and scales of subglacial deformation associated with the formation of small-scale glacier bedforms.


sensor networks ubiquitous and trustworthy computing | 2006

Deploying a sensor network in an extreme environment

Kirk Martinez; Paritosh Padhy; Ahmed Elsaify; Gang Zou; Alistair Riddoch; Jane K. Hart; H. L. R. Ong

A wireless sensor network has been designed and deployed to gather data from nodes deployed inside glaciers. This paper describes the solutions to power management, radio communications and other challenges faced in the system together with a discussion of the performance of the final system. 18 months of data have now been received, which provide an insight not only into the glaciers behaviour but also into the design decisions. The system uses custom PIC-based sensor nodes and an ARM-based base station which controls weather and differential GPS. Different versions have been installed in Norway from 2003-5 and this paper describes the lessons learnt from coping with the extreme conditions that of glaciers


Journal of Glaciology | 2004

Stratigraphy and glaciotectonic structures of permafrost deformed beneath the northwest margin of the Laurentide ice sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Canada

Julian B. Murton; Richard I. Waller; Jane K. Hart; Colin A. Whiteman; Wayne H. Pollard; Ian D Clark

The upper 5-20 m of ice-rich permafrost at three sites overridden by the northwest margin of the Laurentide ice sheet in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada, comprise massive ice beneath ice-rich diamicton or sandy silt. The diamicton and silt contain (1) truncated ice blocks up to 15 m long, (2) sand lenses and layers, (3) ice veins dipping at 20-30°, (4) ice lenses adjacent and parallel to sedimentary contacts, and (5) ice wedges. The massive ice is interpreted as intrasedimental or buried basal glacier ice, and the diamicton and silt as glacitectonite that has never thawed. Deformation of frozen ground was mainly ductile in character. Deformation was accompanied by sub-marginal erosion of permafrost, which formed an angular unconformity along the top of the massive ice and supplied ice clasts and sand bodies to the overlying glacitectonite. After deformation and erosion ceased, postglacial segregated ice and ice-wedge ice developed within the deformed permafrost.


Earth Surface Processes and Landforms | 1997

A COMPARISON OF THE STYLES OF DEFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH TWO RECENT PUSH MORAINES, SOUTH VAN KEULENFJORDEN, SVALBARD

Jane K. Hart; Robert J. Watts

In this paper, two push moraine systems associated with two small subpolar glaciers, Finsterwalderbreen and Penckbreen, were investigated. This study showed that at these glaciers the push moraines were formed in association with surges, which produced a different style of moraine depending on the rheology of the deformed material and the glacial history. The moraines are similar in that they are formed by folded outwash sediments and contain little till. However, the forms of these moraines are very different. The Penckbreen moraine is composed of a lower shallow marine sand, silt and clay, and an upper fluvial sand and gravel. Deformation at this site led to the formation of large anticlines in the silts and clays, with disharmonic smaller folds and thrusts in the upper gravels, above a detachment surface between the fine-grained and overlying coarse-grained lithologies. This deformation decreases towards the foreland, with marine and fluvial sediments responding differently because of their different rheological properties. This moraine was formed during one surge event which occured during the early 19th century. In contrast, the Finsterwalderbreen moraine is composed of outwash sand and gravel, and was formed as the result of a series of surge events. These advances all reached a similar limit and occurred at regular intervals.

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Kirk Martinez

University of Southampton

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Royan Ong

University of Leicester

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Paritosh Padhy

University of Southampton

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Graeme M. Bragg

University of Southampton

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