Jane Kelly Oliveira Friestino

Cáncer infantil: incidencia y patrones espaciales en la ciudad de Campinas, Brasil, 1996-2005

This article analyzes cancer incidence and spatial patterns in children and adolescents (0-19 years of age) residing in the city of Campinas in Southeastern Brazil who were diagnosed from 1996-2005. Cancers were classified according to the Third International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3) Groups. The four most common groups were studied: leukemias, lymphomas, and central nervous system and soft tissue neoplasms. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the world standard population. A spatial Bayesian hierarchical regression model (controlling for data heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation) was fitted, assuming that the number of cancer cases follows a Poisson distribution. A total of 180 cases were diagnosed during the study period. Overall, the crude incidence rate was 54.2 per million and the age-standardized incidence rate was 56.5 per million. Although some regions present higher incidence rates, considering the spatial heterogeneity and the spatial autocorrelation, no statistically significant differences in the relative risks were observed.

Incidence Profile of Leukemias, Lymphomas, Central Nervous System Tumors and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Children and Adolescents in a Brazilian City

Objectives: To identify the profile of incidence of Leukemias, myeloproliferative diseases, and myelodysplastic diseases; Lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms; CNS and miscellaneous intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms and Soft tissue and other extraosseous sarcomas, in children and adolescents (aged ≤ 19) living in Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is an epidemiological study with data from medical records between 1996 and 2005, using the form of Population-based Cancer Registry of Campinas-SP, Brazil. Differences were identified among the groups and the spatial cluster analysis was conducted. Results: The Leukemia cases were more representative (50%) than the others, followed by Lymphomas (22%), CNS (21%) and Soft Tissue (7%). In terms of sociodemographic variables, gender (p=0.03) and age (p<0.01) were significantly associated with cancer in the study groups. According to the spatial distribution of the cases, the Health Districts had a non-homogeneous distribution. Conclusions: The distribution and characteristics of the diagnoses of the study groups were similar to the results of other studies on the subject. The incidence profile can help increase awareness of the occurrences and improve the healthcare planning.

CONDIÇÕES SANITÁRIAS NO OESTE DE SANTA CATARINA: CONSTRUINDO UM DIAGNÓSTICO DAS POPULAÇÕES RURAIS E PEQUENAS COMUNIDADES

Introduction: The concern about sanitary conditions and water quality has been described in the Millennium Development Goals by the UN. As part of this global context, it is important to diagnose the sanitary conditions of rural areas and small communities in Brazil. Objective: To diagnose the sanitary conditions in a municipality of Western Santa Catarina state. Material and Methods: This was a crosssectional population-based study carried out in the municipality of Palmitos, Western Santa Catarina state. The sample was self-weighted into two selection stages, census sector and households. A descriptive analysis of the variables was performed. Results: Three-hundred sixty-six participants over 15 years old from one-hundred thirty-six households were interviewed. Households had a well or a spring as the primary location of water collection; 13.1% had no channeling of the water into the house; in rural areas, the main destination for the bathroom and sanitary waste occurs is crude tanks; in addition, much of the garbage (40.7%) is burned in the houses. Conclusion: The conditions of use of drinking water, and the destination of the waste water (sewage) and household waste present polluting characteristics in need of educational and social intervention. Individual and public health may be affected by the lack of appropriate measures concerning the use of natural resources.