Jaroslav Moravec

International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 3rd edition

. This is the 3rd edition of the Code of phytosociological nomenclature, prepared by the Nomenclature Commission of the International Association for Vegetation Science (IAVS) and the Federation Internationale de Phytosociologie (FIP) on the basis of the 2nd edition. The Code consists of a series of definitions, principles, rules and recommendations which will facilitate the proper use of syntaxonomical names for the denomination of syntaxonomical units.

Zu den azidophilen Trockenrasengesellschaften Südwestböhmens und Bemerkungen zur Syntaxonomie der KlasseSedo-Scleranthetea

In Südwestböhmen kommen auf sauren Silikatgesteinen, bereits ausserhalb des Migrations-stromes thermophiler Arten, auf Südhängen azidophile Trockenrasengesellschaften vor. Diese Gesellschaften wurden als neue Assoziationen beschrieben:Polytricho (pilifero)-Scleranthetum perennis, Cerastio (arvensi)-Agrostetum pusillae undVeronico (vernae)-Poetum bulbosae. Die Boden-bedingungen dieser Assoziationen wurden charakterisiert, ihre syngenetische Bedeutung und Aufgabe bei der Bodenentwicklung definiert. Gleichzeitig wurde die Bodenentwicklungsreihe vom Protoranker über braunen Ranker, Braunerde-Rander und Ranker-Braunerde zur oligotrophen Braunerde beschrieben. DasPolytricho-Scleranthetum und dasCerastio-Agrostetum wurden in den neuen VerbandHyperico (perforato)-Scleranthion perennis, dasVeronico-Poetum bulbosae in den VerbandVeronicion eingereiht. Diese Verbände wurden in die neugefasste OrdnungTrifolio (arvensi)-Festucetalia ovinae der KlasseSedo-Scleranthetea eingereiht.

Syntaxonomic and nomenclatural treatment of Scandinavian‐type associations and sociations

. The launching of international phytosociological projects requires a re-evaluation of vegetation units (syntaxa) of different phytosociological schools and their integration into one global classification system. Despite many difficulties, this possibility is offered by the floristic-phytosociological system - a hierarchical system of syntaxa defined by floristic-socio-logical criteria. Associations (and lower syntaxa) of the Zurich-Montpellier School as well as associations (later called sociations) of the Uppsala School are defined by means of the floristic composition of plant communities and fit this postulate; their syntaxonomic identity can be checked by tabular comparison of vegetation releves. Not only the presence of diagnostic species but also the specific combination of sociological groups of species, dominance of species or even the absence of certain species or species groups can be used as syntaxonomic criteria. The syntaxonomic identification of an association of the Uppsala School with one of the Zurich-Montpellier School means uniting syntaxa of the same rank in the sense of the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. If a sociation is found to fit the criteria of an association delimited by the Zurich-Montpellier methods, the rank of an association can be attributed to this sociation and its name can thus be validated in the sense of the Code.

INDEX OF NEW NAMES OF SYNTAXA PUBLISHED IN 1991

The present work collects the new names of syntaxa (in the sense of the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature,Barkman et al. 1986) above subassociation, rank found in the literature received by the Library of the Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques in Geneva. For the year 1992, 658 names have been listed. For each one of them, an appreciation about its validity is given relating to the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. Fifteen names are given in addition to the Indexes 1987, 1990 and 1991 (Theurillat & Moravec 1990, 1993, 1994).

Index of names of syntaxa typified in 1992

Following the “Index of new names” (Theurillat & Moravec 1995), the present work collects the syntaxa (in the sense of the Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature,Barkman et al. 1986) above subassociation rank typified in 1992. The list comprises 127 names of syntaxa.

Die submontanen krautreichen Buchenwälder auf Silikatböden der westlichen Tschechoslowakei

Die submontanen krautreichen Buchenwälder auf Silikatböden in der westlichen Tschechoslowakei (Tschechische Sozialistische Republik) zerfallen in vier Assoziationen: 1.Tilio cordatae-FagetumMráz 1960 em.Moravec 1977, 2.Tilio platyphylli-FagetumKlika 1939, 3.Melico-FagetumSeibert 1954 und 4.Carici pilosae-FagetumOberdorfer 1957. DasTilio cordatae-Fagetum ist an niedrigere Bergländer Mittel-, Süd- und Westböhmens gebunden. DasTilio platyphylli-Fagetum ist eine lokal bedingte Assoziation des Westteils des Gebirges České středohoří. DasMelico-Fagetum kommt in Nord- bis Ostböhmen und Nord- und Mittelmähren vor. DasCarici pilosae-Fagetum ist auf die Karpaten beschränkt (ausnahmsweise greift es auf den Ostrand des Böhmischen Hochlandes über). Die Buchenwälder des Hügellandes bei Jevany (Mittelböhmen) und des Gebirges Železné hory gehören, trotz dem Vorkommen in submontanen Lagen, demDentario enneaphylli-FagetumOberdorfer ex W. etA. Matuszkiewicz 1960 an. Die Zusammensetzung der Assoziationen ist durch pflanzensoziologische Tabellen belegt und ihre Verbreitung auf einer Punktkarte erfasst.

Zusammensetzung und Verbreitung desDentario enneaphylli-Fagetum in der Tschechoslowakei

DasDentario enneaphylli-FagetumOberdorfer ex W. etA. Matuszkiewicz 1960 umfasst montane Tannen-Buchenwälder der Silikatböden. Es ist in Mitteleuropa, in den Gebirgen des Böhmischen Massivs und der westlichen Karpaten, vor allem auf dem Gebiet der Tschechoslowakei verbreitet. Die Assoziation wurder in drei Subassoziationen gegliedert:Dentario en.-Fagetum typicum W. etA. Matuszkiewicz 1960,D. e.-F. impatientetosum (Hartmann etJahn 1967)Moravec (die im Böhmischen Massiv vorkommen und sich ökologisch unterscheiden), undD. e. F. salvietosum glutinosaeMoravec (in den westlichen Karpaten). Die Zusammensetzung und Verbreitung der Assoziation und ihrer Untereinheiten ist durch umfangreiches Aufnahmematerial und synthetische Tabellen aus der Literatur belegt.

Kommentar zum Code der pflanzensoziologischen Nomenklatur—die gültige Veröffentlichung von Namen

This part of the comments on the Code of phytosociological nomenclature deals with questions of the effective and valid publication of names of syntaxa, with different types of validation of names, as well as with the original diagnosis of syntaxa. Explanations of the application of the respective articles and recommendations based on personal experience with the preparation of the Code as well as personal proposals for modification of the Code are added.

Zur Syntaxonomie derCarex davalliana-Gesellschaften

AbstraktDie Gesellschaften der Kleinseggen-Moorwiesen auf kalkhaltigen Quellstellen mit vorherrschenderCarex davalliana wurden meistens in die einzige Assoziation—Caricetum davallianae— zusammengefasst. Auf Grund ihrer vergleichenden floristischen Analyse und ihrer geographischen und ökologischen Gesetzmässigkeiten gliedert der Autor dieCarex davalliana-Gesellschaften in fünf nachfolgende Assoziationen, u.zw. in das pyrenäischePediculari (silvaticae)-Caricelum davallianae, in das alpischeCaricetum davallianae (s. str.), in das karpatischeValeriano simplicifoliae-Caricelum davallianae, in dasValeriano dioicae-Caricetum davallianae der Tiefebenen und niedrigerer Gebirge Mitteleuropas und in das mässig azidophileCaricetum davalliano-demissae.

Bookreviews: New books in ecology

During the last two decades, J.B. Harborn6 has contributed to the scientific literature with several books from the field of chemical ecology or ecological biochemistry. In these books he participated as author or as editor. The books concern mainly the biochemical aspects of plant animal coevolution, or ecological chemistry and biochemistry of plant substances. Professor Harbome evaluates the subject in regular reviews in Natural Product Reports. The chemoecological aspect can also be found in his original scientific papers, on the phytochemistry of flavonoids. For all this activity he was recently awarded the silver medal of the International Society of Chemical Ecology. His Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry is a monograph with a selection of very interesting, widely investigated and important subjects in the field of chemical ecology, presented by an experienced scientist and author. The relatively small extent of the book, of about 300 pages, naturally limits the choice of subjects. Many interesting and fruitful results did not get into the book. This, however, is often the case with books which serve as an introduction to a large interdisciplinary field, such as chemical ecology or ecological biochemistry. The fourth edition of this book is sufficient proof of its success, and thus also of the choice of subjects which, however, have several times been complemented since the first edition of 1977. In this fourth edition there are ten chapters devoted largely to chemoecological relations. They are: 1. The plant and its biochemical adaptation to the environment. 2. Biochemistry of plant pollination. 3. Plant toxins and their effects on animals. 4. Hormonal interactions between plants and animals. 5. Insect feeding preferences. 6. Feeding preferences of vertebrates, including man. 7. The co-evolutionary arms race: Plant defence and animal response. 8. Animal pheromones and defence substances. 9. Biochemical interactions between higher plants. 10. Higher plant lower plant interactions: Phytoalexins and phytotoxins. Each chapter is elaborated and compiled independently and as a whole. Each has its own introduction in which the author acquaints the reader with the history and various aspects of the topic. Then he goes into general and specific matters documented with many examples taken from original papers. Each chapter then closes with the authors conclusion or summary and a very valuable bibliography in two parts. One part, a list of books and review articles, is important mainly for beginners in the field, but a specialist may also appreciate it. The other part gives a list of references to the original papers discussed in individual chapters. This way of compiling the bibliography is particularly suitable for a book of Introduction type, and every reader is thus safely led to farther information in the field. This division of the book and the bibliography is useful both for students and professionals in the individual subjects, as well as for the readers intersted in the field as a whole. The subject index and the index of plant and animal species will be helpful for all readers. The character, extent and value of the information provided in this book is useful for chemists, chemical ecologists and specialists in agriculture. It can also serve as a good handbook for those who work in basic research and at universities, but also for specialists with practical aspirations.