Jaroslava Dosedlová

Physical activity as a factor of health-related behavior in Czech adults

Physical activity is an important salutoprotective component of health-related behavior which delays cardiovascular aging and prolongs life (Reiner, Niermann, Jekauc, & Woll, 2013; Śmigielski et al., 2016; Crichton, & Alkerwi, 2015, and other). The aim of the present research was to map the extent of physical activity carried out by adults in the Czech Republic, assess the influence of determinants of physical activity (gender, age, selected personality characteristics) and examine the relationship between physical activity and subjective health complaints. The research sample consisted of 1263 Czech adult respondents aged 22 to 93 (410 men - 32.5 % and 853 women - 67.5 %). The volume of physical activity (overall, i.e. sports and other) decreases with age. Based on regression analysis, we identified the strongest predictors of physical activity, such as age, gender and the personality dimensions of ascendancy and vigor (according to GPP-I). Men are more physically active than women, yet 51 % of all respondents did not meet the minimum recommended amount of sports physical activity. In terms of health complaints, it was confirmed that higher extent of physical activity reduces the number of health complaints. Statistically stronger relationships were found in relation to sports physical activity. The research was realized with the support of GA MU, reg. no. MUNI/A/0839/2016.

Health Supportive Behavior in Adults: Prevention in Dental Care and Its Correlates

This study presents partial results of an extensive research project called Health-Enhancing and Health-Threatening Behaviour: Determinants, Models, and Consequences (GA13-19808S). The aim of the research is to map behavioural components related to dental health in adults and link them to selected personality traits and other aspects of health related behaviour. The research sample consisted of 1121 respondents (69% women) between twenty and sixty years of age (m = 33.9, SD = 11.95). A majority of the research group stated that they went to regular preventive check-ups (78%) as well as dental preventive examinations (44% twice a year, 38% once a year). Seventy-nine (79) percent of the respondents reported regular dental hygiene (brushing teeth twice a day). A larger extent of health-supportive behaviour was reported by women, both with respect to general preventive check-ups and dental preventive examinations and regular dental hygiene. Furthermore, differences have been observed between people in young adulthood and the elderly as far as both general and dental preventive check-ups were concerned. In both cases young adults reported going to a lower number of check-ups. Dental health supportive behaviour related to other aspects of health-supportive behaviour, such as observation of the principles of healthy diet and a regular daily regime. Finally, an expected, yet rather weak relation (partial epsilon 2 = 0.014) between the frequency of stomatological check-ups and the stability dimension measured by Gordon Personal Profile-Inventory was also found. Respondents who have preventive check-ups twice a year reach higher responsibility values than those with a lower frequency of check-ups.

Chování související se zdravím: determinanty, modely a konsekvence

Monografie shrnuje hlavni výstupy výzkumu podporovaneho agenturou GACR s nazvem Chovani zdravi podporujici a chovani zdravi ohrožujici: determinanty, modely, konsekvence. Integruje pět studii rozdělených do jednotlivých kapitol, ktere řesi problematiku vztahů komponent chovani souvisejiciho se zdravim s vybranými osobnostnimi charakteristikami, konstrukty optimismu a pesimismu, naději, ontogenezi a neuropsychologickými jevy. Prezentovane poznatky a vyvozene zavěry přispivaji nejen k hlubsimu teoretickemu pochopeni sledovaných vztahů, ale take k prakticke podpoře seberegulacnich mechanismů ctenařů vedoucich k peci o jejich vlastni zdravi. Publikace je urcena odborne veřejnosti, tematicky oslovuje předevsim odborniky a studenty v oblasti psychologie, zdravotnictvi, pedagogiky a dalsich socialnich věd, kterým je blizka problematika lidskeho zdravi.