Jaroslaw Sadowski

An Off-Body Channel Model for Body Area Networks in Indoor Environments

This paper presents an off-body channel model for body area networks (BANs) in indoor environments. The proposed model, which is based on both simulations and measurements in a realistic environment, consists of three components: mean path loss, body shadowing, and multipath fading. Seven scenarios in a realistic indoor office environment containing typical scatterers have been measured: five were static (three standing and two sitting) and two dynamic (walk in a fixed place and real walk). The measurement equipment and measurement procedures are described. The mean path loss component is modeled as a log function of distance, the path loss exponent being in the range between 0.4 and 1.6, while a statistical perspective is taken for the other two components, i.e., body shadowing is found to be well modeled by a log normal distribution and multipath fading by Rice or Nakagami-m distributions, depending on body motion characteristics. The correlation between the selected distributions and empirical data is not lower than 0.95, typically being greater than 0.98. The novelty of this model is that it takes the statistical influence of various parameters and features present in BANs into account, such as body influence, placement of the wearable antennas, user orientation in the environment, dynamism of the BAN scenario, and propagation conditions.

Mobile system for on-road measurements of air pollutants

The paper presents a prototype of a mobile monitoring system for measuring the levels of the main traffic air pollutants (C(6)H(6), NO(2), NO(x), CO, and CO(2),) in cities. The novelty of the proposed system lies in the fact that it can be utilized to monitor emissions from urban traffic along roads and areas where traditional monitoring stations cannot be placed. In the proposed system, the monitoring device can be mounted on any moving vehicle (such as a car, bus, or truck) rather than be attached to a dedicated van, as most systems of this kind found in literature are. Analyzers used in this system are small portable structures that contain an electronic instrument to measure, record, and transmit relevant data on concentrations of the pollutants to a website. The model outcome for carbon monoxide obtained in functional tests in real conditions is also presented here. Data on temporal changes of carbon monoxide concentration are compared against meteorological parameters and speed of the vehicle. Spatial interpolation techniques are applied to obtain a nonplanar visualization of carbon monoxide and benzene concentrations in the main arteries of a city.

Propagation Path Loss Modeling in Container Terminal Environment

This paper describes novel method of path loss modeling for radio communication channels in area of container port. Multi-variate empirical model is presented, based on multidimensional regression analysis of real path loss measurements from container terminal environment. The measure instruments used in propagation studies in port area are also described.

Self-organizing wireless monitoring system for cargo containers

Self-organizing wireless monitoring system for cargo containers This paper presents a description of new global monitoring system for containers with its layer-modular structure, as a solution for enhance security and efficiency of container transport with particular emphasis on the practical implementation of that system for maritime container terminals. Especially the Smart Container Module (SCM) architecture and its operation as a part of the Self-Organizing Container Monitoring Network is presented.

Asynchronous and self-organizing radiolocation system — AEGIR

Since first travels by land or sea, it was necessary to determine position in an unknown environment. At the beginning methods were simple. They were based on the observation of characteristic points, in the case of shipping additional observations of the coastline. Then came a navigation based on astronomical methods (astronavigation). At the beginning of the XX-century a new way of determining the current location was developed. It uses radiowave signals. First came the radio-beacons, which at fixed intervals, transmitted well-defined sequence of radio signals. Then came ground-based systems. Pulse signals are received from at least three stations operating synchronously. Electronically measured the delay of one signal relative to the other, allows to determine the difference in distance separating the object from the localized sources. According to the principles of geometry allows the plot (or find) on the map hyperbole, which is the object. The newest way to determine your position are satellite systems. They are based on the measurement of arrival time of radio signals from satellites to the receiver. Currently, the most popular system is GPS (Global Positioning System). This system is fully controlled by the Department of Defense, and only the U.S. forces and their closest allies have guaranteed accuracy offered by the system. Armies of other countries can only use the civilian version. Due to the popularity of this system and its worldwide range, terrorist can build bombs with simple GPS receivers to detonate in a specific place. To prevent this, deliberate errors to the civilian version of the system can be introduced. Those deliberate errors will also prevent the use of GPS by the secret services or the armies of other countries than the U.S. This situation has spawned the need for an independent radiolocation system. This article describes the construction and operation of such a technology demonstrator that was developed at the Technical University of Gdansk. It was named AEGIR (according to Norse mythology: god of the seas and oceans). The main advantage of the system is to dispense with the chain organization of the reference station, which work with each other asynchronously. This paper presents results and analysis of its effectiveness.

Efficiency of IEEE 802.15.4a UWB impulse radio spectrum shaping

This paper presents results of impulse radio signal spectrum shaping efficiency investigations. Basic parameters of IEEE 802.15.4a UWB signal and outline of proposed spectrum shaping methods are briefly described. The main part of the paper presents influence of signal and algorithms parameters on the results of spectrum shaping.

Deduplication of tracked objects position data at single observation point of a Vessel Monitoring System

Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) play a major role in safety navigation. In most cases they are based on two data sources, namely Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA). Integration of data obtained from these sources is an important problem, which needs to be solved in order to ensure the correct performance of a given VMS. In this paper basic functions which should be implemented in a tracked objects position data deduplication module are described. An example based on their practical implementation is also presented.

Ground-based radiolocation system - AEGIR

At present the most popular navigation system in the world is Global Positioning System (GPS). As it is managed by the Department of Defence of the U.S.A., there is always the risk of the occasional inaccuracies or deliberate insertion of errors, therefore this system can not be used by secret services or armies of countries other than the U.S.A. This situation has engender a need for development of an autonomous radiolocation system. This article describes the construction and operation of such a system technology demonstrator which was developed at the Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT). It was named AEGIR (god of the ocean in Norse mythology). This paper presents results and analysis of its effectiveness.

Wireless Systems of Threats Monitoring

The concept of wireless system of threats monitoring with self-organizing network of multipurpose data transfer nodes are presented. Two practical applications of this system are also presented. The first of these is the Global Wireless Monitoring System for Containers, and the second is the Mobile Monitoring System for Gas Air Pollution Measurements.

Analysis of Accuracy of Modified Gradient Method in Indoor Radiolocalisation System

In this paper a new method, called modified gradient method, has been proposed for position calculation on the basis of distance measurement in indoor environment. It is shown that well known method of position calculation such as Foy is inefficient in indoor environment. In this article is also described the indoor radiolocalisation system which was used for collecting distance measurements which were employed for further comparative analysis of Foy and modified gradient method.