Jaswant Singh

Removal of manganese by chelating agents from brain and liver of manganese treated rats: An in vitro and an in vivo study

Some chelating agents were examined for their ability to remove manganese from brain and liver (in vivo) and their sub-cellular fractions (in vitro), of rats pretreated with manganese sulphate. Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), 1,2-cyclohexylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid (CDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were extremely effective in vivo while CDTA and p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) were efficient in vitro.

Chelation in metal intoxication: I. In vivo effect of chelating agents on liver and testis of manganese administered rats

Abstract Ability of some structurally different chelating agents to mobilize manganese from liver and testis of rats pretreated with manganese sulphate for 25 days, was evaluated. Attempts were made to draw a parallel between removal of the metal and recovery of the altered biochemical and pathological parameters in early manganese poisoning. Though all the compounds were able to remove manganese significantly from the two organs, a definite relationship was exhibited by nitrilotriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and p -aminosalicylic acid.

Effect of pH and temperature on the uptake of cadmium by Lemna minor L

Many aquatic macrophytes have the capacity to take up toxic heavy metals from polluted water and accumulate them. Cut leaves and intact plants have been suggested for clearing polluted water bodies of heavy metals. However, uptake of metal ion from water is dependent on concentration, pH, temperature, presence of other substances and functional and morphological status of the biotic species. In an attempt to understand any correlation between metal bioconcentration, pH and temperature, the optimal conditions for the removal of cadmium ions by duckweed, Lemna minor (L.) were studied.

Evaluation of ecological risk of metal contamination in river Gomti, India: a biomonitoring approach.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of heavy metal pollution in river Gomti and associated ecological risk. River water, sediments and locally abundant mollusk (Viviparus (V.) bengalensis) were sampled from six different sites and analyzed for seven metals: Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). Mean metal concentrations (mg/l) in river water were 0.024 for Cd, 0.063 for Cr, 0.022 for Cr, 0.029 for Mn, 0.044 for Ni, 0.018 for Pb and 0.067 for Zn. In river sediments, the concentrations (mg/kg dry wt) were 5.0 for Cd, 16.2 for Cr, 23.2 for Cr, 203.2 for Mn, 23.9 for Ni, 46.2 for Pb and 76.3 for Zn, while in V. bengalensis mean metal concentrations (mg/kg, dry wt) were 0.57 for Cd, 12.0 for Cr, 30.7 for Cu, 29.9 for Mn, 8.8 for Ni, 3.6 for Pb and 48.3 for Zn. Results indicated elevated concentrations of Cu, Zn and Mn in V. bengalensis as compared to other non-essential elements. Potential ecological risk (RI) in sediments showed high to very high metal contamination. Cluster analysis indicated that Pb, Zn, Cd and Ni in sediments may have anthropogenic sources. The findings thus suggest heavy metal contamination of river water and sediments have reached alarming levels, which is well corroborated by elevated level of metal accumulation in V. bengalensis.

Chelation in Metal Intoxication II: In vitro and In vivo Effect of Some Compounds on Brain, Liver and Testis of Rats Treated with Manganese Sulphate

SummarySome structurally different compounds were examined for their ability to remove manganese as their chelates from brain, liver and testis and the sub-cellular fractions of brain and liver of manganese administered rats. An attempt was also made to cordate the removal of the metal with the recovery of altered activity of succinic dehydrogenase in these organs. While all the compounds were able to remove the metal significantly fromin vivo brain, liver and testis, they could fully restore the enzyme activity only in brain. However, there was no significant improvement in the altered morphology of the tissues in eight days of treatment with the chelating agents.

Combined effects of cadmium and linear alkyl benzene sulfonate on Lemna minor L

The effects of 0.1 ppm cadmium and 0.005% linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS) on the uptake and metabolic incorporation of 14C glycine by Lemna minor L., after 2, 24 and 48 h were studied for antagonistic/synergistic effects. Combined exposure was found to decrease the 14C incorporation into proteins, DNA, RNA and phospholipids, to a greater extent than individual exposure. The presence of LAS increased the uptake of 109Cd in the plants.

Early biochemical response of pulmonary tissue to manganese dioxide.

The biochemical response of pulmonary tissue to MnO2 dust burden of 30 days duration was studied in rats. The activities of enzymes from isolated fractions of rat lungs were not significantly altered, even though manganese content was increased significantly in tissues remote from lungs, indicating translocation of the dust from its intrapulmonary location.

Changes in mitochondrial enzyme activity of rat lung during the development of silicosis

Abstract Significant changes occurred in the activities of enzymes in silicotic rat lung at 30, 90 and 150 days after intratracheal injection of quartz dust. The pattern of changes indicated that the mitochondrial metabolism in silicosis is altered significantly indicating disturbances in bioenergetics. Increase in activity of cytochrome- c -oxidase and NADH-cytochrome- c -reductase at the early stage and a significant decline at the advanced stage of the disease suggest that metabolic changes in silicosis during the initial and the advanced stage of the disease are distinctly different. Besides, enhanced rate of glycolysis is also observed at the early stages of silicosis.

Ultrastructural and biochemical effects of cadmium on the aquatic fern Marsilea minuta Linn

The uptake of cadmium by cultured vegetative clones of the aquatic fern Marsilea minuta was studied in a static experimental bioassay system as functions of dose and period of exposure. The pathomorphological manifestations of Cd toxicity, as studied by transmission electron microscope, indicated damage to chloroplasts and tonoplasts as well as electron opaque granular deposits. Preliminary evidence based on molecular sieving chromatography showed the formation of two cadmium-binding proteins of 78 and 33 kDa in the leaf tissue under cadmium stress.

Pteridophyte Aerospora of India

Abstract Spores belonging to 43 taxa of pteridophytes were observed from the ambient air of 11 localities in India. It is suggested that pteridophyte spores could be listed among viable particulate air pollutants, especially in the light of the earlier reports regarding their allergenicity.