Jatin H. Patel

Caprine leptospirosis: Hematobiochemical and urinalyses studies

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate clinicopathological alterations in naturally occurring leptospirosis in goats of South Gujarat region, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A total 459 blood/serum and 292 urine samples were collected from different districts of South Gujarat region, India. Blood/serum and urine samples were subjected to hematobiochemical analyses and urinalyses. The serum samples were screened for anti-leptospiral antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). On the bases of presence or absence of anti-leptospiral antibodies in serum, seropositive and seronegative groups were made. The results were analyzed using standard statistical methods to know pathological changes in the disease. Results: In MAT, out of 459, 116 goats were seropositive, and 343 were seronegative. In hematobiochemical analyses, statistically significant (p<0.01) decrease in values of packed cell volume, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular Hb concentration and total protein and increased activity/level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin between seropositive and seronegative goats were noted. Urinalyses did not reveal any specific changes. In the dark field microscopy, urine samples were found to be negative for leptospires. Conclusion: Hematobiochemical changes noted in seropositive goats were indicative of hepatic damage, and this knowledge would aid in the therapeutic management of the disease.

Pharmacokinetic Activity of Quercetin in Rats Following Single Dose Intramuscular Administration

Among various flavonoids, Quercetin (3, 3’, 4’, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone) has a unique biological elements having health benefits. It is a plant pigment, commonly found in vegetables and fruits in the form of a glycoside. It is categorized as a flavonol, one of the six subclasses of flavonoid compounds. It is known to have antioxidant (Ozgen et al., 2016), anti-inflammatory (Abbey and Rankin, 2011), anti-carcinogenic (Fresco et al., 2010), neuroprotective (Sasaki et al., 2003), antibacterial (Cushnie and Lamb, 2005) and antiviral (Gatto et al., 2002) properties. Most of pharmacokinetic studies of Quercetin have been conducted following oral and intravenous route but in veterinary clinical medicine intramuscular route is most preferred route of administration in domestic animals. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 10 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Leptospirosis in Bovines

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infection of worldwide distribution and is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In bovines course of the disease ranges from acute to chronic form. The acute form is manifested by fever, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, meningitis and death, while the chronic form is characterised by various reproductive expressions like irregular estrus, repeat breeding, birth of weak calves, abortion, mummification of foetuse, retention of fetal membranes, mastitis, etc. depending upon serovar involved and susceptibility of animals (Ellis, 1994). Clinically bovine leptospirosis is difficult to diagnose because these expressions are nonspecific and may be easily confused with other febrile ailments (Ellis, 1984). Mostly the disease occurs in subclinical or chronic form. Various methods like serology (MAT), dark-field microscopy (DFM), microbial culture, immune based and molecular tools (PCR, qPCR) are used to diagnose leptospirosis these days (Turner, 1970; Szeredi and Haake, 2006; Sreekumari et al., 2010). Each of these methods has their merits and demerits but the molecular tools have been considered to be the most precise and quick diagnostic method and have been International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 1723-1728 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Carrier Goats Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3 Department of Surgery and Radiology, 4 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 5 Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Eru cross road, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, India 6 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H. Anand Agricultural University, Anand388001, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author