Priti D. Vihol

Caprine leptospirosis: Hematobiochemical and urinalyses studies

Aim: The present study was designed to evaluate clinicopathological alterations in naturally occurring leptospirosis in goats of South Gujarat region, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: A total 459 blood/serum and 292 urine samples were collected from different districts of South Gujarat region, India. Blood/serum and urine samples were subjected to hematobiochemical analyses and urinalyses. The serum samples were screened for anti-leptospiral antibodies using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). On the bases of presence or absence of anti-leptospiral antibodies in serum, seropositive and seronegative groups were made. The results were analyzed using standard statistical methods to know pathological changes in the disease. Results: In MAT, out of 459, 116 goats were seropositive, and 343 were seronegative. In hematobiochemical analyses, statistically significant (p<0.01) decrease in values of packed cell volume, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, mean corpuscular Hb concentration and total protein and increased activity/level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin between seropositive and seronegative goats were noted. Urinalyses did not reveal any specific changes. In the dark field microscopy, urine samples were found to be negative for leptospires. Conclusion: Hematobiochemical changes noted in seropositive goats were indicative of hepatic damage, and this knowledge would aid in the therapeutic management of the disease.

Clinicopathological evaluation of non-parasitic dermatoses in canines

Aim: The present study has been carried out to detect non-parasitic dermatoses in canines brought at the Nandini Veterinary Hospital, Surat. Materials and Methods: The current investigation was carried out on skin scrapping, skin biopsy specimens, blood, and serum samples of 210 freshly registered cases of dogs with dermatological afflictions. Dogs found healthy on clinical examination were used as control animals (n=15). The incidence of non-parasitic dermatoses has been recorded as per age, breed, and sex of dogs. For bacterial isolation, the pus/exudates samples were collected from 40 cases of pyoderma and streaked onto brain-heart infusion agar while 13 skin scrapping samples were inoculated on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with chloramphenicol for isolation of fungi. The organisms were identified on the basis of gross and microscopic observation of cultural growth on media. The blood and sera samples were also collected to note alteration in hematology and biochemical parameters, respectively. Tissue samples from lesions were collected and subsequently preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. Results: Out of 210 cases of dermatoses, 60 cases were of non-parasitic dermatoses, i.e., 28.57%. Of these, bacterial skin infections (pyoderma) were found to be the predominant at 80.00%, followed by other non-parasitic dermatological disorders, i.e., 11.67% and fungal skin infection, i.e., 8.33%. The dogs belonging to age group 1-3 years showed greater susceptibility to non-parasitic dermatological conditions. Breed wise incidence of pyoderma was found more in the Pomeranian breed (20.83%), whereas fungal skin affections were found to be higher in mongrel breed (60.00% and 42.86%, respectively). Male dogs showed greater involvement in bacterial, fungal, and other non-parasitic dermatoses. Bacteriological culture examination of 40 pus swabs resulted in the growth of 39 bacterial isolates. Mycological culture of skin scrapings from 13 suspected cases of fungal dermatoses resulted in the recovery of five fungal isolates. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters revealed a significant difference in all cases of non-parasitic dermatoses.Histopathological study revealed characteristic changes like infiltration of neutrophils with perifolliculitis, hyperkeratosis, and rafts of acantholytic cells. Histochemical staining revealed purple or magenta color fungal elements. Conclusion: Based on current experiment it has been concluded that among non-parasitic dermatoses bacterial and fungal skin infections are the main ailments, followed by nutritional and other causes in adult and male dogs which can be diagnosed by cultural inoculation, microscopic examination of skin scrapings, and dermatohistopathology along with hematology and biochemistry.

Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Spontaneous Leptospirosis in Bovines

Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic infection of worldwide distribution and is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In bovines course of the disease ranges from acute to chronic form. The acute form is manifested by fever, hematuria, hemoglobinuria, meningitis and death, while the chronic form is characterised by various reproductive expressions like irregular estrus, repeat breeding, birth of weak calves, abortion, mummification of foetuse, retention of fetal membranes, mastitis, etc. depending upon serovar involved and susceptibility of animals (Ellis, 1994). Clinically bovine leptospirosis is difficult to diagnose because these expressions are nonspecific and may be easily confused with other febrile ailments (Ellis, 1984). Mostly the disease occurs in subclinical or chronic form. Various methods like serology (MAT), dark-field microscopy (DFM), microbial culture, immune based and molecular tools (PCR, qPCR) are used to diagnose leptospirosis these days (Turner, 1970; Szeredi and Haake, 2006; Sreekumari et al., 2010). Each of these methods has their merits and demerits but the molecular tools have been considered to be the most precise and quick diagnostic method and have been International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 1723-1728 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Pathomorphological Studies of Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Goats of Navsari and Valsad Districts, India

1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, India 3 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author

Seroprevalence of Leptospira hardjo in Cattle of Gujarat, India

1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, Gujarat, India 2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Gujarat, India 3 Department of Animal Husbandry, Gujarat State Government, Gujarat, India 4 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat 5 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Science and Animal husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author

Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. Carrier Goats Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

1 Department of Veterinary Pathology, 2 Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, 3 Department of Surgery and Radiology, 4 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, 5 Department of Animal Reproduction Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Navsari Agricultural University, Eru cross road, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat, India 6 Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and A.H. Anand Agricultural University, Anand388001, Gujarat, India *Corresponding author