Jawad Shafi

Beaconless multihop routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

Routing is a major challenge in sensor networks, due to constrained resources of energy, processing power, and memory. This proves that there is an urgent need to design energy efficient routing protocols for sensor networks for prolonging network lifetime. This paper presents a new beaconless multihop routing algorithm (BMR) for wireless sensor networks which is light weight, energy efficient and makes routing decisions based on residual energy of nodes. Additionally BMR is a non-positioned beaconless routing protocol which eliminates the overhead of control messages exchanged during network setup in cluster based routing protocols. The proposed protocol first divides the whole network into different zones using message passing techniques by Base Station (BS) and performs energy efficient location base routing without taking any assumption of location services. A simulation-based evaluation is conducted to compare the performance of BMR against energy efficient protocol with static clustering for wireless sensor networks (EEPSC). Simulation results show that BMR performs better than EEPSC in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption minimization.

Merging of DHT-based logical networks in MANETs

We study the challenging problem of the network partitioning and merging in context with the mismatch problem and the resilience of the logical structure in distributed hash table (DHT)-based routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The existing DHT-based approaches for routing in MANETs do not consider the merging of logical networks, which occurs because of limited transmission range and mobility of nodes. In this paper, we identify that the mismatch problem is aggravated when logical networks are merged, which directly depends upon the shape of the logical structure in which nodes are arranged according to their logical identifier. To address this problem, we first propose a leader-based approach (LA) to detect and merge logical networks. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of a three-dimensional logical space and three-dimensional logical structure when logical networks are merged. In three-dimensional logical space and three-dimensional logical structure, we take into account the physical intra-neighbour relationship of a node and interpret that relationship in terms of logical identifiers. Simulation results show that the proposed DHT-based protocol along with LA outperforms the existing DHT-based routing protocol in terms routing overhead, end-to-end delay, path-stretch values and packet delivery ratio. Copyright

Prediction of the Attention Area in Ambient Intelligence Tasks

With recent advances in Ambient Intelligence (AmI), it is becoming possible to provide support to a human in an AmI environment. This paper presents an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model based scheme, named as prediction of the attention area using ANFIS (PAA_ANFIS), which predicts the human attention area on visual display with ordinary web camera. The PAA_ANFIS model was designed using trial and error based on various experiments in simulated gaming environment. This study was conducted to illustrate that ANFIS is effective with hybrid learning, for the prediction of eye-gaze area in the environment. PAA_ANFIS results show that ANFIS has been successfully implemented for predicting within different learning context scenarios in a simulated environment. The performance of the PAA_ANFIS model was evaluated using standard error measurements techniques. The Matlab® simulation results indicate that the performance of the ANFIS approach is valuable, accurate and easy to implement. The PAA_ANFIS results are based on analysis of different model settings in our environment. To further validate the PAA_ANFIS, forecasting results are then compared with linear regression. The comparative results show the superiority and higher accuracy achieved by applying the ANFIS, which is equipped with the capability of generating linear relationship and the fuzzy inference system in input-output data. However, it should be noted that an increase in the number of membership functions (MF) will increase the system response time.

Notice of Removal Beacon based controlled routing in wireless sensor networks

This paper presents beacon based controlled routing (BBCR) algorithm for wireless sensor networks, which is light weight, energy efficient and makes routing decisions based on residual energy of nodes and control the duplicated messages generated in the network using short beacon messages. Simulation results show that BBCR improves the routing against BMR by eliminating the duplicated messages generated in the network and hence increase the reliability of the network.