Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele

Estimating the costs of achieving the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015

OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost of scaling up childhood immunization services required to reach the WHO-UNICEF Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIVS) goal of reducing mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases by two-thirds by 2015. METHODS A model was developed to estimate the total cost of reaching GIVS goals by 2015 in 117 low- and lower-middle- income countries. Current spending was estimated by analysing data from country planning documents, and scale-up costs were estimated using a bottom-up, ingredients-based approach. Financial costs were estimated by country and year for reaching 90% coverage with all existing vaccines; introducing a discrete set of new vaccines (rotavirus, conjugate pneumococcal, conjugate meningococcal A and Japanese encephalitis); and conducting immunization campaigns to protect at-risk populations against polio, tetanus, measles, yellow fever and meningococcal meningitis. FINDINGS The 72 poorest countries of the world spent US

First 5 years of measles elimination in southern Africa: 1996–2000

2.5 (range: US

Global immunization: status, progress, challenges and future

1.8-4.2) billion on immunization in 2005, an increase from US

Public-health impact of accelerated measles control in the WHO African Region 2000–03

1.1 (range: US

Progress toward regional measles elimination - worldwide, 2000-2014.

0.9-1.6) billion in 2000. By 2015 annual immunization costs will on average increase to about US

Eliminating Epidemic Group A Meningococcal Meningitis In Africa Through A New Vaccine

4.0 (range US

A new global immunisation vision and strategy

2.9-6.7) billion. Total immunization costs for 2006-2015 are estimated at US

The expanded programme on immunization: A lasting legacy of smallpox eradication

35 (range US

Impact of Alternative Approaches to Accelerated Measles Control: Experience in the African Region, 1996–2002

13-40) billion; of this, US

Establishing global policy recommendations: the role of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization

16.2 billion are incremental costs, comprised of US