Jean Poirier

Single-Puncture Arthrocentesis―Introducing a New Technique and a Novel Device

F b rthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint was ntroduced in 1991 by Nitzan et al and has since ained widespread popularity among practitioners ho treat temporomandibular joint disorders. It is onsidered by many as the first-line surgical treatment or patients who do not respond to conservative treatent (physical therapy, occlusal splint therapy, pain edication, and lifestyle and behavioral changes). It is egarded as a minimally invasive procedure and is asily performed in an office setting. It allows lavage f the joint space and lysis of adhesions via hydraulic istension. The traditional procedure uses 2 needles inserted hrough 2 separate puncture sites. These 2 needles ust triangulate and be exactly placed in the upper oint space for the procedure to be efficient. One of he needles serves for the inflow of the lavage olution and the second as the outflow. It is recogized that the procedure can be sometimes very hallenging. The blind insertion of the second (outow) needle can sometimes be difficult. Multiple unctures through the temporomandibular joint apsule are often necessary, which often leads to xtra-articular leak of the lavage solution and dereases the intra-articular pressure required for lysis f the adhesions. We have developed a new device where two 18auge needles 1.5 inches long are each bent 30 derees toward their respective opening and welded

Towards a Reconsideration of Female Migration Patterns in Burkina Faso

This study focuses on changes in female migration patterns during the last fifty years in Burkina Faso. We examine migration paths and reasons for moving between ages 12 and 25 for women of rural origin using event history data drawn from the Migration Dynamics, Urban Integration and Environment in Burkina Faso National Survey conducted in 2000. The results show that female migration patterns are changing in a subtle and complex way. Women are emigrating more out of rural areas and experiencing increased multiple move trajectories. Motives are also less-family driven and more related to education and labour market considerations.

Orbitozygomatic Complex Fracture Reduction Under Local Anesthesia and Light Oral Sedation

PURPOSE Closed hook reduction is a well-accepted approach in reducing selected cases of isolated orbitozygomatic complex fractures. The potential of achieving such reductions under light sedation and local anesthesia has many potential benefits over general anesthesia and should therefore not be overlooked. The goal of this study was to verify if closed reduction under local anesthesia is a feasible alternative to reduction under general anesthesia for selected cases of orbitozygomatic complex fractures. Furthermore, an attempt was made at identifying those who would benefit from such an option without compromising end results as opposed to those who would require open reduction with the use of internal fixation devices (ORIF) to ensure favorable outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over the period of July to October 2005, we attempted to reduce 8 consecutive orbitozygomatic complex fractures on an outpatient basis with the use of local anesthesia. RESULTS We have successfully reduced 6 of 8 such fractures. CONCLUSION Closed hook reduction under light sedation and local anesthesia is a feasible and safe procedure in selected cases of noncomminuted zygomatic fractures. Coupling both physical examination and immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation ensures substantiation of accurate reduction and permits immediate final corrections if considered necessary.