Jeetendra Yadav

Silver nanoparticles from Tinospora cordifolia as an antibacterial agent

Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, and/or increased health problems. Body mass index (BMI),defines people as obese when it is greater than 30 kg/m 2 .Obese persons are prone to various type of disorders like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol and high triglycerides level, certain types of cancer and osteoarthritis. The World Health Organization claimed that 1.5 billion individuals over the age of 20 are considered obese. In India also obesity has reached an epidemic proportion with 5% population falling in morbid obese category. Dieting and physical exercise are the main line of treatment in obesity. In adjuvant to these line of treatment anti obesity drugs are prescribed to reduce appetite or inhibit fat absorption by Allopathic System of Medicine. These drugs have various side effects. Unani Herbal Medicines are known as effective, safe and economic. “Givone” is a Unani polyherbal formulation. To evaluate its efficacy in the management of obesity and safety after prolonged used an animal clinical trial was carried out. All the animals appeared normal and showed no clinical signs of intoxication till the end of the study. The heart, aorta, liver and kidney showed no abnormal findings when studied histologically when compared to the control group animals. Hence it can be concluded that Unani Medicine “Givone” is EFFECTIVE and SAFE for obesity.Teen years are the most challenging and exciting years of one’s life, where social acceptance and peer pressure play a major part in the teens self image. Dressing up and looking good matters greatly to the young adult. And since our face is said to be the mirror of general health, it is important to pay attention to this part of the body. And the most common ailment that a teen suffers in this age is acne. In Ayurveda, this disease is described as “mukhdushika” or “yuvan pidika”. It is also called “tarunya pidika”. According to Ayurveda, the shalmali thorns like eruptions on the face due to vitiation of kapha, vata and rakta which are found on the face of adolescents are called “mukhdushika” or “yuvan pidika”. If the poisons are used in a meticulous way, they can be useful in treatment of various ailments. They are not harmful if used sensibly. In many ailments, poisonous drugs prove more efficacious than normal prescription drugs due to their inherent properties. In the present study, two drugs from the ancient Ayurvedic literature, Chakradatta, were chosen for the clinical trial. The selected drugs, Saptsam yog and Mukhkantikar lepa, were in the form of churna and lepa respectively. We found encouraging results from this clinical trial and detail will discuss in the conference.L disease remains one of the serious health problems. Millions of people suffer and die from liver diseases every year. The incidence of different kinds of liver disease like hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and other related diseases are very common in Bangladesh. Most common liver diseases in Bangladesh are different types of viral hepatitis. So this study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Rohitakarista, a polyherbal formulation commercially available in Bangladesh against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. A total of 24 numbers of male albino rats (Wistar strain) with weight range 150-200 gm were used for the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups namely group I, II, III and IV. Each group contained 6 numbers of rats. Group I served as normal control and received neither formulation nor carbon tetrachloride received only normal diet and water. Group II received a suspension of CCl4 in liquid paraffin in a ratio of 2:1 (v/v) in a uniform dose of 1 ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally for consecutive 14 days. Group III and IV received CCl4 1 ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally plus Silymarin, in dose 50 mg/kg orally and Rohitakarista 1 ml/kg body weight of rat per orally respectively for the same 14 consecutive days. At the end of experiment, blood was obtained from each rat for the determination of biochemical parameters like serum bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The histological studies of rat liver were also carried out. The results showed that polyherbal formulation have a significant hepatoprotective effect by assessed different biochemical parameters and histopathological study of liver when compared with standard silymarin. Therefore this study suggests that polyherbal formulation Rohitakarista has a good hepatoprotective activity. Further standardization processes may be performed in order to make it more beneficial in human studies. Md. Nazmul Huda et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002Present study focused on traditional use of Gardenia turgida Roxb. an important medicinal small tree abundantly occurred in forest fringes of the Chhattisgarh state. Kharhar posses wide range of therapeutic properties for the treatment of various ailments in tribal area. The tribal traditional healers used Kharhar as single drug or in combination with other herbs like Smilax zeylanica L., Piper longum Linn., Cordia macleodii (Griff.) Hook. F. & Thoms, Cassia fistula L. etc. to enhance the efficacy of preparation. Traditional healers use this herb for a variety of ailments such as Leucorrhoea, Dogbite, Scorpion string, Epilepsy, Stone, Stomachache, Snake bite, Diminished breast milk secretion (Lack of Lactation), Tuberculosis and Gout. During the course of study 72 preparations of Kharhar root for various ailments were recorded from tribal areas resides in the state. Study reveals that the Kharhar is an important medicine which needs to be a systematic research on phytochemical, pharmacological and clinical study.D is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD).Previous studies imply angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocking (ARB) drugs contribute to prevalence of ESRD in diabetes. This study investigates renal preservation in diabetes by intensive insulin therapy. Methodology: 46 adult diabetes patients, 28 female, 18 male, were studied for mean 14.2 months (1.5-115 months). Diabetes was diagnosed by 2-h postprandial glucose of ≥ 200mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) and treated by Glargine or detemir insulin after breakfast and dinner, with regular insulin by finger-stick glucose 2-h post-meal and bedtime. Blood pressure (BP) was controlled with antihypertensive therapy excluding ACEI/ARB drugs. Glucose, serum creatinine (Scr), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and glycosylated hemoglobin at first and last visits were obtained. BP was recorded in both visits. Results were compared between first and last visits. A paired two-tailed test P 11.1 mmol/L. Results: Glucose at last visit was significantly lower (8.4±0.6 mmol/L) than first visit (10.3±0.7 mmol/L) in all patients group associated with significantly reduced Scr in last visit (100.3±5.2 μm0l/L) compared to first visit (110.9+7.8 μmol/L). No change in eGFR was noted between first and last visits. Significant reduction of HbA1c (9.14±0.52 v. 7.60±0.45 p< 0.0148) was found in less than 11.1 mmol/L group. BP’s were normal (<140/80mmHg) in both visits in all groups. Conclusion: The paradigm of therapy presented in this study is proven effective in renal preservation in diabetes. Anil K. Mandal et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002Background: Yoga has proven effect on personality and psychological disturbances in children. But no studies are available on short term effect of Yoga on Tridoshas, which may point to restoration of positive health. Objective: To understand the effect of Yoga Personality Development Camp on the tridoshas in children. Method: The study was pre-post design with control. 320 children (160 children in each group), aged 8-12 yrs, selected from a residential camp at Prashanti kutiram Jigani (experimental group) and Jayagopal Garodia Rasrtothana school. Experimental group children practiced Integral Yoga module including Asanas, pranayama, nadanusandhana, chanting, and games. Control group children observed were not given any intervention. Caraka Child personality inventory was administered before and after 10 days. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were applied. Results: Vata decreased significantly, while Pitta and Kapha increased significantly as compared to the control group. Conclusions: Yoga Personality Development camp has the significant effect on the tridoshas (Vata,Pitta and Kapha) in Children.T reason why myths do exist about Homeopathy is that it lacks research. There is no so called proof of its action. Mainly because it is proved on humans and not on animals; thereby scientifically its action cannot be proved or recorded via the medium of chemical changes or pathological and microscopic changes in tissues etc., though there is a research now that there is something beyond Avogadro’s number and nanotechnology is proving its action . Here are some myths about Homeopathy: 1. Homeopathy is placebo Had it been a placebo effect, how does it act in infants? Also it acts very well in non self limiting illnesses like tumours, growths, kochs etc. 2. Homeopathy cannot be taken by diabetics due to sweet pills though we dispense it to them in liquid form or triturated medication. 3. Homeopathy has no side effects so one can self medicate Though there are no side effects, it definitely has an effect; so unnecessary and un indicated remedies should not be taken or else they might start proving! 4. Homeopathy does not act in acute cases or emergencies which is not the case. It acts very well if well indicated and in correct potency. 5. With Homeopathy treatment you cannot take multivitamins, iron calcium tablets or saline, ringer lactate to the patient –If patient has a deficiency of iron, calcium or electrolytes, how can Homeopathy medication supply them? 6. Homeopathy is slow acting I feel it’s the fastest acting medication and can be given even by inhalation when correctly indicated. 7. Homeopathic medicines cannot be given to animals whereas they act well in animals also. 8. Homeopathic medicine always increases the illness before it eradicates which is not the case. 9. Surgery is not allowed when Homeopathic treatment is on but if a case is of a purely surgical disease surgery is a must. E.g. There was an operation of a 5 kg ovarian cyst which can never disappear with Homeopathic treatment. 10. Homeopathy cures all illnesses like last stage cancer This myth exist amongst Homeopaths who are too staunch followers of the system and don’t accept its drawbacks! These myths can be eradicated partially by educating the patient and creating awareness amongst the common man regarding the facts. Himangi Amol Raut, Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002Background: The present investigation was aimed to formulate transdermal films incorporating herbal drug components. The allopathic system of medicine includes two conventional lines of treatment for inflammatory diseases, which come along with certain side effects. Hence, turning to safe, effective and time-tested Ayurvedic herbal drug formulation would be a preferable option. Materials and Methods: With this view, transdermal films incorporating herbal drug components such as aqueous extract of fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus, Lagenaria siceraria and Trichosanthes dioica were envisaged. The polymeric films were evaluated for their physical properties like thickness, weight uniformity, moisture content, folding endurance, tensile strength and diffusion studies. The skin irritation study done on rat skin showed that the formulation does not produce irritation to the skin. Results: The formulation is screened for its anti-inflammatory potential and it is found to significantly reduce the paw edema by 60% when compared with the standard drug diclofenac i.e. 70%. Conclusion: Overall, it was observed that the well-known ayurvedic drugs have been found to be effective through modern pharmaceutical formulation techniques. Biochem & Pharmacol 2013, 2:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-0501.S1.004E of allergic diseases is spreading its dreadful arms all over the world. Increasing incidences of allergy in the present population is a matter of global concern. Every third person is allergic to one substance or another. It has been proposed that there is a global epidemic of allergic diseases which is likely to be a consequence of the changing environment superimposed on a range of genetic susceptibilities. The great sages were well acquainted with the atmospheric changes resulting in different seasons and the specified measures to get acclimatization into those seasons regarding lifestyle. Ayurveda being an ancient and natural science of life showcases the significant but regularly ignored aspect of the present lifestyle regarding following of the specified regimens of six seasons in India and then gradually tapering it off in the ritusandhi period and then gradually adopting the succeeding ritu regimens in the same period of fifteen days. Ritusandhi is defined as the conjunction period of proceeding and succeeding seasons. Acharya Vagbhat has introduced with the grave consequences of nonfollowing of this method of gradual withdrawal and adoption resulting in the form of asatmyja diseases. A cross sectional study was conducted on thousand sample study population to trace the incidences of allergic diseases in ritusandhi period and their mode of lifestyle in the respective period. As per the hypothesis, 75% volunteers were found diseased during the ritusandhi period and among those 50% were found suffering with allergic diseases. Data of diseased population was found quite much proportionate to the random withdrawal and adoption seasonal regimens. Nisha Gupta, Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002A open randomized clinical trial was conducted in 30 patients (of either sex) of Ziabetus Shakri (diabetes mellitus) to find out “The efficacy of Unani Regimen-Hijama Maá Shurt (wet cupping therapy) in the management of Ziabetus Shakri (type-II diabetes mellitus) in the OPD of Dr. M. I. J. T. Unani Medical College Mumbai. They were divided in two equal groups (test and control group). The test group was treated with oral Unani formulations Safoof methi 6 gm twice a day. (oral) and Sirka-e-Jamoon 20 ml after meal (oral) along with Hijama Maá Shurt/wet cupping therapy (particular points for diabetes) on every 17th of lunar month while control group was treated with only oral Unani formulations (Safoof methi 6 gm twice a day (orally) and Sirka-eJamoon 20 ml after meal). The total duration of treatment was 90 days. The assessment criteria were on the basis of biochemical parameters and improvement in the clinical sign & symptoms of Ziabetus Shakri (type II diabetes mellitus). It has been observed that there was remarkable improvement in polyuria, polyphagia & polydipsia in test group comparatively in the control group. Similarly in numbness, healing of cuts and wounds, burning and sensation etc. were improved in the test group comparative to control group. Similarly in the biochemical parameter the test group shown statistically significant effects on reducing the blood sugar level fasting and post prandial (P<0.6770 & P<0.0896) respectively. It has quite significant effect in reducing the serum cholesterol and raised LFTs (Serum Bilirubin & SGOT, SGPT) respectively (p<0.0700 & p<0.3683). It has also quite significant effect for reducing the sugar present in fasting and postprandial urine chemical examination (p<0.0972 & 0.4795) in the test and control group respectively. It can be concluded that oral Unani formulations (Safoof methi 6gm and Sirka-e-Jamoon 20ml twice a day orally) along with Hijama Maá Shurt /wet cupping therapy is safe and effective for the management of Ziabetus Shakri (Type-II Diabetes mellitus). Shaikh Nikhat et al., Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002The need for vestibular stimulation can be observed throughout the life from newborns and infants in the cradle to the aged in a rocking chair. Everyday activities such as running, dancing, swinging, falling aside, or driving cars may exert positive and negative effects on subjective well-being. A thorough review of literature revealed that vestibular system is having extensive interactions with hypothalamic nuclei, autonomic system, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, substantia nigra, hippocampal formation and modulates endocrine secretions. The purpose of this article is to review research reports related to role of vestibular stimulation in modulation of endocrine secretions and to suggest translational research in this area.I the Western world herbal medicine has been considered by many as unorthodox and yet an increasing proportion of the population turn to plants or mixtures of plant extracts for the relief of symptoms, for promotion of good health or in a curative mode. In some instances the herbal compound is used as a substitute for prescription medicines whilst in others it is used as an adjunct to prescription or other over the counter medicines. Conversely, in the developing world herbal medicines continue to be the primary mode of health care with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) being the most commonly practiced form of herbalism worldwide. Whilst herbal medicines are viewed by some as a safer, more natural approach to therapeutics their sale is regulated via legislation in many countries including those of the European Union (EU) member states. In the United Kingdom the prescribing of herbal medicines has been statutorily regulated under section 12.1 of the Medicines Act since 1968 and the reporting of adverse reactions is required through the NIMH Yellow Card Scheme. More recently EU legislation has been introduced to regulate the registration of herbs and their sale as over the counter products. The quality of traditional medicines is affected by misidentification, adulteration, lack of standardisation, inappropriate labelling and contamination. Contamination of Traditional Medicines with trace elements has been the focus of many recent research studies and is considered in this present research study. This research examined the quality, safety and in vitro efficacy of a selection of herbal medicines, including Indian Ginseng and Scutellaria biacalensis, with reported neuroprotective effects. The study evaluated the usefulness of a range of simple spectroscopic and more complex chromatographic techniques for qualitative and quantitative determinations, determined trace metal levels by inductively coupled plasma analysis and assessed the potential antioxidant effects using a rodent brain model. The findings highlight the heterogeneity of traditional herbal medicines and illustrate some simple approaches to improving quality control approaches to address issues of standardisation; evaluate efficacy and synergistic effects in vitro and indicate facile approaches to improving the labelling of herbal medicines. Susanne P. Boyle, Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002E date and stability testing is relatively new concept in homoeopathy. There is lack of scientific data regarding evaluation of expiry date of homoeopathic tinctures and potencies. This is a preliminary work in that direction, where we have tried to develop standard methodology for stability testing. Nicotiana tabacum tincture (77% alcohol) is subjected to various tests as per W.H.O. and I.C.H. guidelines and introduced new criteria of evaluating biological efficacy by in vitro culture studies for the samples which are 5-10 year old. The term ‘shelf life’ is used to indicate the time period in which an active ingredient A.P.I (active pharmacological ingredient) of F.P.P (finished pharmaceutical product) is expected to remain within the approved stability specifications, provided that it is stored under the conditions defined on the container label. Till 2009, there was no concept of expiry date for homoeopathic tinctures and potencies in India. In modern medicine (allopathic) every drug is labeled with shelf-life or expiry date as alkaloid or active ingredient of drug will undergo degradation with time and environmental factors. After AYUSH guidelines, which in a way are dependent on W.H.O. and I.C.H. guidelines, it is now mandatory to write date of expiry for homoeopathic tinctures and potencies. Drug and Cosmetic Rule, schedule–M states that shelf life for homoeopathic tincture and potencies should not be more than 60 months (5 years). This is a blanket date of expiry for all homoeopathic potencies and tinctures irrespective of their source and nature of the drug. This evaluation is not based on actual study of shelf life of individual drug. Homoeopathic tinctures and potencies are prepared from plant, animal and mineral kingdom mainly. Mineral or metal based remedy cannot expect to have same shelf life as that from plant or animal source. Within plant kingdom also tinctures are prepared from alcohol concentration varying from 35% to 80%. Tincture prepared from 35% ethanol can’t expect to have same stability and expiry date as that which is from 80% ethanol. This 5 year expiry date evaluation is empirical. No detailed scientific study is available about stability or expiry date of individual drug potency or tincture. This paper is to primarily find effect of environmental factors like light, temperature, moisture etc. on homoeopathic medicines as per guidelines given by W.H.O. and I.C.H. and evaluate the effect of storage for longer time on homoeopathic tincture at room temperature. For this work Nicotiana Tabacum tincture (77% alcohol) was used and physiochemical and in vitro biological studies were carried out for first time in this preliminary study of stability and expiry date evaluation of homoeopathic tincture. Like Homoeopathy, for ayurvedic system of medicine also AYUSH has set guidelines for stability and expiry date, Government notification in 2005 and later modified in 2009. Rule 161 B displays list of expiry dates for ayurvedic products. (ASU products) E.g. Gutica -3 years, churna -2 years etc., however for Asavas and Aristas (which are alcoholic extracts) there are no expiry dates. Asavas and Aristas have much less ethanol content when compared with homoeopathic tinctures and potencies. Hence actual evaluation of stability and expiry date of each type of homoeopathic drug and tincture is necessary, which is the purpose of this primary work. Rajesh Barve, Altern Integ Med 2013, 2:10 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2327-5162.S1.002C is used alone for the treatment of several types of cancers but often in combination with other drugs to treat breast cancer, leukemia and ovarian cancer or tumor but cyclophosphamide reduces the production of blood cells from the bone marrow. In the present investigation to combat the toxicity of cyclophosphamide, aqueous extract of immunomodulator plant like Ashwagandha was studied against toxicity of cyclophosphamide. After administration of cyclophosphamide @ 250 mg/kg b.w. orally by gastric intubation method to rats marked reduction in total count of WBC, RBC and platelets were observed on day 4. When Ashwagandha (300 mg/kg b.w.) was administered five days prior to cyclophosphamide administration and continued for ten days then significant increase in total count of WBC, RBC and platelets were observed after treatment. Thus, findings of present investigation showed that therapeutic potency of Ashwagandha ameliorate the toxicity produced during cancer chemotherapy by mitigating the bone marrow depression.