Jeferson Macedo Vianna

Tipo físico ideal e satisfação com a imagem corporal de praticantes de caminhada

The objective of the present study was to quantify the ideal physical type and to verify the body image satisfaction level of regular walkers. One hundred and eighty six individuals participated in this study as follows: 87 women (age = 28.70 ± 12.6 years, stature = 161.6 ± 6.2 cm, body mass = 58.9 ± 12.0 kg, and fat = 25.7 ± 7.8 F%), and 98 men (age = 27.9 ± 12.9 years, stature = 177.2 ± 6.9 cm, body mass = 75.0 ± 12.3 kg, and fat = 13.3 ± 6.1 F%). The individuals were asked to indicate which profile corresponded to his/her body and which profile they wanted to reach. Only 24% of women are satisfied. Profile 3 was pointed as ideal to be reached by 55% of women (profile 2 = 18%; and profile 4 = 21%). Profile 3, according to results of this study, corresponded to F% of 20.5 ± 0.9% (EPM) and to MBI of 20.0 ± 0.3 kg/m2 (EPM). In relation to men, only 18% are satisfied. Profile 4 was pointed as ideal by 47% of men (profile 3 = 23%; and profile 5 = 19%). Profile 4 corresponds to F% of 9.8 ± 1.4% (EPM) and to BMI of 23.1 ± 0.4 kg/m2 (EPM). There is an ideal physical type for both genders. No difference with body image satisfaction degree between genders was verified.O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar o tipo fisico ideal e verificar o nivel de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal de praticantes de caminhada. Participaram do estudo 186 pessoas: 87 mulheres (idade = 28,70 ± 12,6 anos, estatura = 161,6 ± 6,2cm, massa corporal = 58,9 ± 12,0kg e gordura = 25,7 ± 7,8 G%) e 98 homens (idade = 27,9 ± 12,9 anos, estatura = 177,2 ± 6,9cm, massa corporal = 75,0 ± 12,3kg e gordura = 13,3 ± 6,1 G%). Solicitou-se que as pessoas indicassem qual silhueta correspondia ao seu corpo atualmente e qual gostariam de atingir. Apenas 24% das mulheres estao satisfeitas. A silhueta 3 foi apontada como ideal a ser atingido por 55% das mulheres (silhueta 2 = 18%; e 4 = 21%). A silhueta 3, de acordo com os resultados desse estudo, corresponde ao G% 20,5 ± 0,9% (EPM) e ao IMC de 20,0 ± 0,3kg/m2 (EPM). Quanto aos homens, apenas 18% estao satisfeitos. A silhueta 4 foi apontada como ideal por 47% dos homens (silhueta 3 = 23%; e 5 = 19%). A silhueta 4 corresponde ao G% 9,8 ± 1,4% (EPM) e ao IMC de 23,1 ± 0,4kg/m2 (EPM). Existe um tipo fisico ideal para ambos os sexos. Nao houve diferenca entre o grau de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal entre os sexos.

Estimativa do gasto energético da caminhada

The aims of this study were: 1) to propose predictive equations for gait energy expenditure (GEE) of young individuals in three situations: a) when the identification of the gait velocity is possible; b) when heart rate (HR) monitoring is possible; and c) when neither the velocity identification nor the HR monitoring is possible; and 2) to validate the GEE made by the HR Polar M71® monitor. Thirty individuals (16 males, 22.7 ± 2.6 years and 14 female, 22.1 ± 2.1 years), non-athletes, physical education students were instructed to walk on the treadmill with 1% inclination, in self-selected low, moderate and high intensity velocities, during 6 minutes in each velocity. The VO2, measured by the Aerosport Metabolic Analyzer Teem 100, HR and GEE estimated by the monitor, were registered in the last 2 minutes of each load. It was concluded that the best GEE prediction is done with the use of the gait velocity and the individuals body weight. HR for prediction of GEE should be accompanied by the gender and rest HR. The perceived exertion scale proposed in this study should be utilized only when it is not possible to register the velocity or the HR. The use of other scales of perceived exertion is encouraged. The HR Polar M71 monitor is a valid instrument for GEE estimation, with the limitation that is necessary that HR exceeds 100 bpm. Its precision is enhanced at high intensity gait.

Effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on haemodynamics: a systematic review

This study systematically reviewed the available scientific evidence on the changes promoted by low‐intensity (LI) resistance training (RT) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rate‐pressure product (RPP). Searches were performed in databases (PubMed, Web of Science™, Scopus and Google Scholar), for the period from January 1990 to May 2015. The study analysis was conducted through a critical review of contents. Of the 1 112 articles identified, 1 091 were excluded and 21 met the selection criteria, including 16 articles evaluating BP, 19 articles evaluating HR and four articles evaluating RPP. Divergent results were found when comparing the LI protocols with BFR versus LI versus high intensity (HI) on BP, HR and RPP. The evidence shows that the protocols using continuous BFR following a LIRT session apparently raise HR, BP and RPP compared with LI protocols without BFR, although increases significantly in BP seem to exist between the HI protocols when compared to LI protocols. Haemodynamic changes (HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, RPP) promoted by LIRT with BFR do not seem to differ between ages and body segments (upper or lower), although they are apparently affected by the width of the cuff and are higher with continuous BFR. However, these changes are within the normal range, rendering this method safe and feasible for special populations.

Effect of strength training with blood flow restriction on muscle power and submaximal strength in eumenorrheic women.

Blood flow restriction (BFR) training stimulates muscle size and strength by increasing muscle activation, accumulation of metabolites and muscle swelling. This method has been used in different populations, but no studies have evaluated the effects of training on muscle power and submaximal strength (SS) in accounted for the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of strength training (ST) with BFR on the muscle power and SS of upper and lower limbs in eumenorrheic women. Forty untrained women (18–40 years) were divided randomly and proportionally into four groups: (i) high‐intensity ST at 80% of 1RM (HI), (ii) low‐intensity ST at 20% of 1RM combined with partial blood flow restriction (LI + BFR), (iii) low‐intensity ST at 20% of 1RM (LI) and d) control group (CG). Each training group performed eight training sessions. Tests with a medicine ball (MB), horizontal jump (HJ), vertical jump (VJ), biceps curls (BC) and knee extension (KE) were performed during the 1st day follicular phase (FP), 14th day (ovulatory phase) and 26–28th days (luteal phase) of the menstrual cycle. There was no significant difference among groups in terms of the MB, HJ, VJ or BC results at any time point (P>0·05). SS in the KE exercise was significantly greater in the LI + BFR group compared to the CG group (P = 0·014) during the LP. Therefore, ST with BFR does not appear to improve the power of upper and lower limbs and may be an alternative to improve the SS of lower limbs of eumenorrheic women.

Oxygen Uptake and Heart Rate Kinetics after Different Types of Resistance Exercise

Abstract Oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate (HR) kinetics after exercise are important indicators of fitness and cardiovascular health. However, these variables have been little investigated in resistance exercise (RE). The current study compared post-exercise kinetics of VO2 and the HR among different types of REs. The study included 14 males (age: 26.5±5.4 years, body mass: 80.1±11.4 kg, body height: 1.77±0.07 m, fat content: 11.3±4.6%) with RE experience. Dynamic muscle strength was measured using one repetition maximum (1RM) with regard to the half-squat, bench press, pull-down, and triceps pushdown exercises. The participants performed a maximum number of repetitions at 80% of 1RM for each exercise, separated by a recovery period of 60 minutes. VO2 was measured using ergospirometry. VO2 and HR kinetics were assessed using the time constant of the recovery curves, and excess oxygen consumption (EPOC) was calculated afterward. Significant differences were not observed across the exercises with regard to VO2 kinetics. However, the half-squat exercise elicited a greater EPOC than the bench press and triceps pushdown exercises (p<.05). HR kinetics was slower for the half-squat exercise than for the other exercises (p<.05). These findings confirm that the type of RE influences both the cardiac autonomic response post-exercise and EPOC, but not VO2 kinetics

Cardiac autonomic responses after resistance exercise in treated hypertensive subjects

The aim of this study was to assess and to compare heart rate variability (HRV) after resistance exercise (RE) in treated hypertensive and normotensive subjects. Nine hypertensive men [HT: 58.0 ± 7.7 years, systolic blood pressure (SBP) = 133.6 ± 6.5 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) = 87.3 ± 8.1 mmHg; under antihypertensive treatment] and 11 normotensive men (NT: 57.1 ± 6.0 years, SBP = 127 ± 8.5 mmHg, DBP = 82.7 ± 5.5 mmHg) performed a single session of RE (2 sets of 15–20 repetitions, 50% of 1 RM, 120 s interval between sets/exercise) for the following exercises: leg extension, leg press, leg curl, bench press, seated row, triceps push-down, seated calf flexion, seated arm curl. HRV was assessed at resting and during 10 min of recovery period by calculating time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domain (LF, HF, LF/HF) indices. Mean values of HRV indices were reduced in the post-exercise period compared to the resting period (HT: lnHF: 4.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.4 ± 1.2 ms2; NT: lnHF: 4.8 ± 1.5 vs. 2.2 ± 1.1 ms2, p < 0.01). However, there was no group vs. time interaction in this response (p = 0.8). The results indicate that HRV is equally suppressed after RE in normotensive and hypertensive individuals. These findings suggest that a single session of RE does not bring additional cardiac autonomic stress to treated hypertensive subjects.

Fotossilhuetas para avaliação da imagem corporal de fisiculturistas

INTRODUCAO: Estudos recentes em imagem corporal tem buscado desenvolver conjuntos de silhuetas com as caracteristicas de grupos especificos. Para o fisiculturismo, ainda nao foram desenvolvidos conjuntos de silhuetas que representem mais detalhadamente o conjunto das estruturas corporais. Para esse esporte, os detalhes sao essenciais. OBJETIVO: Propor um conjunto de silhuetas especifico para fisiculturista composto por fotografias (fotossilhuetas). Metodo: O estudo foi estruturado em tres fases: 1) fotografia dos fisiculturistas, selecao e organizacao das fotos pelos pesquisadores; 2) organizacao das fotos por professores e treinadores de fisiculturistas; e 3) aplicacao do conjunto de fotossilhuetas proposto. RESULTADOS: Fase 1 - os valores de IMC se distribuiram em ordem crescente (IMC de 24,1 ate 35,6kg/m2); Fase 2 - participaram seis professores de educacao fisica e seis treinadores de fisiculturismo e todos ordenaram as fotossilhuetas na mesma ordem crescente que os pesquisadores; e Fase 3 - participaram 20 fisiculturistas, apenas um nao apontou o conjunto proposto como preferido para avaliacao perceptiva da imagem corporal. Entre as silhuetas atribuidas pelos tres pesquisadores, observou-se correlacao intraclasse de 0,92. Comparando a media das silhuetas atribuidas pelos pesquisadores (3,8 ± 1,0) e a media das silhuetas atribuidas pelos atletas (3,9 ± 1,0), nao se encontrou diferenca significativa e correlacao de 0,75 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSAO: Conclui-se que o conjunto de fotossilhuetas e valido para o estudo da dimensao perceptiva da imagem corporal de fisiculturistas no que diz respeito a identificacao da silhueta atual.

Aplicabilidade do indice adiposidade corporal na estimativa do percentual de gordura de jovens mulheres brasileiras

INTRODUCCION: La estimativa de la composicion corporal es un campo de estudio importante en el pronostico y diagnostico de enfermedades degenerativas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la aplicabilidad del Indice de Adiposidad Corporal (IAC) y el metodo de pliegues cutaneos. METODOS: La muestra fue constituida por 19 adultas jovenes con promedio de edad de 24,53 ± 2,65 anos, sometidas a evaluacion antropometrica (circunferencias y pliegues cutaneos) y absorciometria por doble emision de rayo X (DXA). Los valores estimados fueron comparados al valor de referencia por medio del test t pareado y por el analisis del nivel de asociacion entre los metodos por la correlacion de Pearson; el nivel de significancia fue de p 0,05) con nivel de asociacion fuerte (r = 0,879). CONCLUSION: Aunque el IAC no presente diferencia para los valores estimados, queda evidente la necesidad de mas estudios sobre la aplicabilidad del metodo en la poblacion brasilena.

Effect of body weight reduction on stress and recovery among Brazilian Judokas

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the magnitude of the symptoms of stress and the perception of psychophysiological recovery among judokas who adopted methods for body weight reduction and those who did not adopt such methods. Method: Participants included 39 judokas who were selected in a non-probabilistic way. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, namely, an experimental group (EG, n = 21) and a control group (CG, n = 21). The EG was induced to adopt an increase in the frequency of strategies directed towards body weight reduction, whereas the members of the CG followed their normal behaviour patterns. The Daily Analysis of Life Demands for Athletes was used to evaluate the symptoms of stress. The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes was used to evaluate the perception of psychophysiological recovery. Results: The findings revealed that the magnitude of the symptoms of stress increased in the EG (F(2, 18) = 43.63, p = .01), whereas they did not increase in the CG (F(2, 17) = 3.14, p = .18). Furthermore, the post-test revealed significant differences between the two groups (F(2, 37) = 38.55, p = .01). The results demonstrated a reduction in the perception of psychophysiological recovery in the EG (F(2, 18) = 69.97, p = .001) and an increase in the CG (F(2, 18) = 47.61, p = .01), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (F(2, 37) = 116.75, p = .001). Conclusions: It was concluded that body weight reduction increased the magnitude of stress symptoms and reduced the perception of psychophysiological recovery in judokas.

Força explosiva em distintos estágios de maturação em jovens futebolistas das categorias infantil e juvenil

The objective was to identify differences among maturity levels in explosive force. Sample of n = 150 boys footballers, aged between 14‐17 years. For the maturation stage method was used to Tanner and the strength of lower limbs was used vertical jump tests. The descriptive statistical measures involved and to investigate differences between means in maturational stages was used the nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U and Kruskal‐Wallis. In both categories, child and youth no significant differences in the levels of explosive force between maturational stages. Suggesting that the findings of this study can be explained by the reflection of training or selection practices for the sport, but more research should be conducted on this topic.