Jerzy Smolik

The Deposition of Ni/Cr-Cr3C2 Composite Coatings by Arc-EB Hybrid Technology

The new hybrid technology is a combination of electron beam evaporation and arcevaporation processes, enabling the creation of the anti-erosion multilayer composite coating Ni/Cr- Cr3C2 with different volume of Cr3C2 filling in soft Ni/Cr matrix. The soft matrix made of Ni/Cr alloy and hard filling of Cr3C2 are created at the same time and directly during the electron beam and arc-evaporation process. Changes of the parameters of the hybrid process, i.e. pressure, current of arc discharge and substrate bias voltage Ubias, make it possible to control the volume of Cr3C2 and are a factor in filling the soft Cr/Ni matrix with carbides Cr3C2. With the use of the developed surface treatment hybrid technology, the multilayer composite coating Ni/Cr-Cr3C2 were obtained. For all composite layers created, the material properties, such as morphology, phase and chemical compositions, hardness, and Young modulus were investigated. The paper presents the original technological equipment, methodology, and technological parameters for the creation of the composite coating Ni/Cr-Cr3C2.

Development of Novel Nano-Structure Functional Coatings with the Use of the Original Hybrid Device

A unique, original hybrid technological device, developed by the authors of the article, enabling the application of lots of different surface engineering methods in one technological process, including arc evaporation, ion nitriding, ion etching, ion implantation and electron beam evaporation is presented. The hybrid technological device has technical possibilities for the simultaneous realisation of different surface engineering methods in the same vacuum chamber. This results in the realization of advanced technological processes with the use of different surface engineering methods for forming the coating’s properties in one multi-stage technological process. Different surface engineering methods use different plasma sources and different methods of the atmosphere creation and often require different supply and control systems. A possibility of combining a few different surface treatment methods in one technological process is provided by a unique hybrid device. Selected applications of hybrid surface engineering technologies executed with the use of this original hybrid device, i.e. creation of the nano-multilayer and nano-composite Cr/Ni-Cr3C2 coatings increasing the erosion wear resistance and creation of multi-layer coatings with increased thermal resistance – Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) are presented

Effect of the Addition of Glassy Carbon on the Structure and Properties of ZrO2-Y2O2 Coatings

The effect of the addition of glassy carbon on the structure and properties of ZrO2-Y2O2 coatings deposited at the graphite substrate has been investigated. The coatings were deposited by plasma spraying method in an industrial company Plasma System SA Silesian Siemianowice using MIM40 equipment. The microstructure of coatings was investigated by light microscopy (MO), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Abrasion was carried out with the use of tribological tester Ducom by pin-on-disc method. The results of investigations showed that the addition of the glassy carbon into coatings materials has increased microhardness and resistance against the wear.

The Influence of Thickness of Layers in the Multilayer Coating of the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano Hybrid Layer on Tribological Properties

One of the most perspective directions of the development of surface engineering is related to hybrid technologies. The best-known and widely used hybrid surface treatment technology is a combination of a gas or plasma nitriding process with the process of the deposition of hard antiwear coatings by means of PVD methods. The paper presents the influence of the thickness of layers in the multilayer coating on tribological properties of hybrid layers – PN + AlCrTiNmultinano obtained on the EN X32CrMoV3.3 hot working steel. The research methods concentrated on the analysis of mechanical properties, surface topography and microstructure, and tribological properties. The studies on mechanical properties included tests on hardness using the nanoindentation method and tests on adhesion using the scratchtest. The analysis of surface topography and microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The tribological properties were examined using the ball-on-disc method. The coating was tested with alumina balls as counterparts at room temperature. The authors indicate that the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano hybrid layers are characterized by excellent mechanical properties and tribological resistance. In this paper, the authors confirmed that the thickness of layers in a multilayer coating is important in shaping the mechanical and tribological properties of the PN + AlCrTiNmultinano hybrid layer.

The comparison of antiwear and fatigue properties in higher temperature for PN+CrN and PN+AlCrTiN layer composites

One of the most perspective directions of the development of surface engineering is related to hybrid technologies. The best–known and widely used hybrid surface treatment technology is a combination of gas or plasma nitriding process with the process of deposition of hard antiwear coatings by means of physical vapour deposition (PVD) methods. The paper presents the results of two different wear tests for two different hybrid layers: PN+CrN and PN+AlCrTiN obtained on the EN X32CrMoV3.3 hot working steel. The first one presents results of ball–on–disc tribological tests carried out in the range of temperature, i.e., 25°C and 600°C. The second one presents results of fatigue tests, which indicated the changes of length and density of cracks during the forging process.