Jie Jiao

Piezoelectric energy harvesting using shear mode 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.29PbTiO3 single crystal cantilever

In this letter we presented a cantilever beam used for vibration energy harvesting based on shear mode 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.29PbTiO3 single crystal. The working principle of the device was inferred and the factors influencing the output were obtained using an analytical method. The electrical properties under different conditions were studied systematically. Under a cyclic force of 0.05 N (peak value), a peak voltage of 91.23 V, maximum power of 4.16 mW were measured at 60 Hz with a proof mass of 0.5 g. The results demonstrate the potential of the device in energy harvesting applied to low-power portable electronics and wireless sensors.

Orientation dependence of electrical properties of large-sized sodium potassium niobate lead-free single crystals

Lead-free (K0.25Na0.75)NbO3 (KNN25/75) single crystals with dimensions of O30 × 10 mm were successfully grown by a top seeded solution growth technique (TSSG). The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the as-grown crystals possess an orthorhombic perovskite structure. The concentrations of K, Na, and Nb elements in the as-grown crystal were measured by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of KNN25/75 crystals with different orientations, i.e., pseudocubic (100) and (110) ((100)pc and (110)pc), were investigated. A higher piezoelectric constant d33 ~ 145 pC N−1 and electromechanical coupling coefficient kt ~ 69% were observed along the (100)pc orientation compared with d33 ~ 70 pC N−1 and kt ~ 51% along (110)pc. However, when a bipolar electric field was applied, a two times higher strain value can be achieved in crystals oriented along (110)pc than along (100)pc. These orientation dependent physical properties can be explained in the framework of domain engineering and the switching effect.

Cantilever driving low frequency piezoelectric energy harvester using single crystal material 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3

We present a high performance piezoelectric energy harvester CANtilever Driving Low frequency Energy harvester (CANDLE) consisting of cantilever beam and cymbal transducers based on piezoelectric single crystal 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3. Electrical properties of CANDLE under different proof masses, excitation frequencies, and load resistances are studied systematically. Under an acceleration of 3.2g (g = 9.8 m/s2), a peak voltage of 38 V, a maximum power of 3.7 mW were measured at 102 Hz with a proof mass of 4.2 g. Low resonance frequency and high power output performance demonstrate the promise of the device in energy harvesting for wireless sensors and low-power electronics.

Scale Effects of Low‐Dimensional Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals and Their Application in Novel Pyroelectric Infrared Detectors

Scaling effects of low-dimensional relaxor ferroelectric single crystals have induced large delocalization of domain switching, leading to a dramatic increase in pyro-electric performances by 2-5.5 times, and promoting the detectivity of fabricated pyroelectric detectors to an international leading level of 2.21 × 10(9) cmHz(1/2) /W at 10 Hz, 4 times higher than that of commercial LiTaO3 -based detectors.

Shear-mode piezoelectric properties of ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 single crystals

A systematic study of the optimized orientation and temperature dependence of shear-mode piezoelectric properties for ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PIN–PMN–PT or PIMNT) piezocrystals was carried out. It was found that [111]-poled samples presented the best shear piezoelectric properties when driving along [11¯0] (the thickness direction). The electromechanical coupling coefficient k15 and piezoelectric coefficient d15 and g15 were found to be 96.4%, 5966 pC/N, and 0.047 Vm/N, respectively, for optimum-cut samples with platinum (Pt) electrode. Besides, the maximum service temperature for shear mode is around 105 °C, which is much higher than PMNT single crystals.

Bidirectional current-voltage converters based on magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites

We report a power supply-free, bidirectional electric current-voltage converter based on a coil-wound laminated composite of magnetostrictive alloy and piezoelectric crystal. An electric current applied to the coil induces a magnetic field, resulting in an electric voltage from the composite due to the direct magnetoelectric effect. Conversely, an electric voltage applied to the composite produces a magnetic induction due to the converse magnetoelectric effect, leading to an electric current from the coil. The converter exhibits excellent linear relationships between current and voltage. Compared with traditional current/voltage converters made by operational amplifiers, the advantages of the proposed device include low cost, no power consumption, and bidirectional conversion.

Parallel multilayer magnetoelectric composite based on (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)−xPbTiO3 and Terfenol-D coupled with charge mode amplifier

In this paper, the sources and categories of noise regarding a charge mode magnetoelectric (ME) sensor are analyzed and simulated. A series of parallel multilayer magnetoelectric composites of Terfenol-D and (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)−xPbTiO3 with different numbers of layers have been developed. The high magnetoelectric charge coefficients of these composites have been measured. By coupling different parallel multilayer magnetoelectric composites with a low noise-level chargeamplifier, we found that the noise equivalent magnetic induction (NEB) of the ME sensor based on the charge mode is in accordance with the theoretical prediction, and multilayers can reduce the NEB at low frequency and hardly at high frequency. At last we have established a new method of using high g 31piezoelectric material that can effectively reduce the influence of the operational amplifier voltage noise component and enhance resolution.

Direct observation of monoclinic ferroelectric phase and domain switching process in (K0.25Na0.75)NbO3 single crystals

In situ observations of the phase symmetry and domain evolution of (K0.25Na0.75)NbO3 single crystals under bipolar electric fields have been performed for both pseudocubic (110) and (001) orientations using polarized light microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The macroscopic symmetry was identified to be a monoclinic C type phase with the spontaneous polarization direction close to . The electric field-driven domain morphology and evolution model were also presented. It was found that, under an antiparallel electric field, the approximately 180° domain switching process in a pseudocubic (101) sample consists of three steps: two ~60° domain switching and a ~90° domain switching, and the ~90° domain switching process in the pseudocubic (001) sample is composed of two ~60° switching steps.

Magnetoelectric effect of the multi-push-pull mode in 0.35Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.35Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.30PbTiO3/Metglas magnetoelectric composite

This paper presents a model for the multi-push-pull configuration of magnetoelectric (ME) laminated composites which consist of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers with interdigitated ID electrodes encapsulated in Kapton. Analytical solutions for the ME voltage coefficient αV and charge coefficient αQ were derived. A ME composite has been made by magnetostrictive Metglas foils and piezoelectric 0.35Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)-0.35Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-0.30PbTiO3 single crystal fibers, which exhibited a high ME charge coefficient αQ of 3756 pC/Oe at 1020 Hz. Besides showing a good linear relationship with AC magnetic field, the related ME sensor has a low noise equivalent magnetic induction of 10 pT/Hz1/2 at 1 Hz and 13 fT/Hz1/2 at resonant frequency.

An improved magnetic field detection unit based on length-magnetized Terfenol-D and width-polarized ternary 0.35Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.35Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.30PbTiO3

A magnetoelectric laminate composite based on length-magnetized Terfenol-D alloy and width-polarized ternary 0.35Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.35Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.30PbTiO3 single crystal has been developed and exhibits a giant magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 1.7 V/Oe at low frequencies and 20 V/Oe at resonance frequency 84 020 Hz besides showing good linearity range of response in the field range of 1 pT-10 μT. Due to its small capacitance of 43 pF, a specially designed low-noise voltage follower was used to match the impedance. Based on the circuit, the detection limit of composite has been reached 1.9 pT/Hz1/2 at 1020 Hz and 300 fT/Hz1/2 at 84 020 Hz, respectively.