Jivan S. Parab

Exploring C for Microcontrollers

No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Contents Foreword ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii 1

Noninvasive glucometer model using partial least square regression technique for human blood matrix

In this article, we have highlighted the partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the glucose level in human blood by considering only five variants. The PLSR model is experimentally validated for the 13 templates samples. The root mean square error analysis of design model and experimental sample is found to be satisfactory with the values of 3.459 and 5.543, respectively. In PLSR templates design is a critical issue for the number of variants participating in the model. Ensemble consisting of five major variants is simulated to replicate the signatures of these constituents in the human blood, i.e., alanine, urea, lactate, glucose, and ascorbate. Multivariate system using PLSR plays important role in understanding chemometrics of such ensemble. The resultant spectra of all these constituents are generated to create templates for the PLSR model. This model has potential scope in designing a near-infrared spectroscopy based noninvasive glucometer.

RF spectroscopy technique for soil nutrient analysis

The manuscript describes RF Spectroscopy approach to determine the nutrients in the soil. Two different soil nutrients namely urea and potash are considered in this study. In order to obtain the frequency spectra of each of the soil nutrient a cell is designed, which is well shielded from external electromagnetic interferences and has a capability of giving a steady response for a given soil nutrient. The RF responses of each of the nutrients with different concentrations in the range of 10MHz-4.4GHz are obtained using a signal generator and a spectrum analyzer. The results obtained show that at specific frequencies, the RF response of the soil nutrient under study changes in accordance with the changes in the concentration of the soil component and at other frequencies, it shows a flat response. Since the response varies in accordance with the concentration, these results can be used for the prediction of an unknown concentration of a nutrient using a multivariate analysis technique based on the PLSR model, where different concentrations of the nutrients are used as variables.

Human tissue diagnostics for physiological information using Hyperspectral Image model

Hyperspectral imaging is a novel technology for obtaining both spatial and spectral information in the area of aerospace and military industries for last 20 years. The multifusion, multispectral, hyperspectral and polarimetric imaging can provide both anatomical and physiological or metabolic information; it can play an important role in the development of molecular imaging technologies with enhanced specificity and sensitivity, capable of identifying the presence versus absence of cancer, detection of margins, stage, distribution, and type of cancer, but most importantly, techniques capable of assessing the progress of the disease and its response to treatment. Hyperspectral Image modeling provides practical alternatives for the field measurements in human tissue sample due to sample coupling problems and heavy absorption due to protein and water in UV and NIR regions respectively in the region of therapeutic window. In this paper we have proposed the Lorentz Oscillators techniques to generate the multivariate signal for a pixel signature over spectrum channel of interest. The model has been demonstrated to synthesize the image with proper signature for the pixel. The spectra having customized signatures are generated using proper values of the central frequency, Strength of Oscillators and Width of oscillators. These models can be customized for the specific vision under observation and serialized for the quality, intrusion or diagnostics using pattern recognition principle for both anatomical and physiological information in human tissue.

Note: Multivariate system spectroscopic model using Lorentz oscillators and partial least squares regression analysis.

Multivariate system spectroscopic model plays important role in understanding chemometrics of ensemble under study. Here in this manuscript we discuss various approaches of modeling of spectroscopic system and demonstrate how Lorentz oscillator can be used to model any general spectroscopic system. Chemometric studies require customized templates design for the corresponding variants participating in ensemble, which generates the characteristic matrix of the ensemble under study. The typical biological system that resembles human blood tissue consisting of five major constituents i.e., alanine, urea, lactate, glucose, ascorbate; has been tested on the model. The model was validated using three approaches, namely, root mean square error (RMSE) analysis in the range of ±5% confidence interval, clerk gird error plot, and RMSE versus percent noise level study. Also the model was tested across various template sizes (consisting of samples ranging from 10 up to 1000) to ascertain the validity of partial least squares regression. The model has potential in understanding the chemometrics of proteomics pathways.

Genesis of PLD’s, Market Players, and Tools

“Genesis of PLD’s, market players, and tools” discuss the microprocessor, microcontroller, and PLD devices and also talk about how to select these devices for desired application. This chapter gives the family tree of PLD devices and helps designer to select best PLD devices based on application. The chapter also gives the overview of major PLD market players and programming aspect of VHDl, Verilog, and ABEL. There are several separate books available in the market which discusses in detail about VHDL, Verilog, and ABEL programming. Here, we simply focused more on the basic part of hardware descriptive programming language.

Case Studies Using Altera Nios II

This chapter will further boost the interest as it covers lots of interesting case studies designed around Nios II soft core processor such as blinking of LEDs in different patterns, displaying scrolling text on LCD, interfacing camera for acquiring images, multiprocessor communication, Ethernet-based robotic arm control, matrix crunching problem for multivariate analysis, and reading flash for Web application.

Getting Hands on Altera® Quartus® II Software

This chapter provides users with overview and capabilities of Altera® Quartus® II design software in programmable logic design. The book is designed around the Altera DE2 development platform. The Altera Quartus II software is the most comprehensive environment available for system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) design. Here we provide a guide that will help one to install the Quartus software, setting up the license for installed Quartus. This chapter also gives the details about the steps involved in creating the first embedded project, building projects’ steps, and how to port the programming file onto the development board.

Building Embedded Systems Using Soft IP Cores

This chapter makes reader aware of embedded soft core processors, their concepts, comparisons of various soft cores from various FPGA manufactures, etc. Here, we have emphasized on Altera Nios II soft core processor. The soft core nature of the Nios II processor lets the system designer specify and generate a custom Nios II core, tailored for his or her specific application requirements. System designers can extend the Nios II basic functionality by adding a predefined memory management unit or defining custom instructions and custom peripherals. Altera’s Nios® II processor, the world’s most versatile processor, according to Gartner Research, is the most widely used soft processor in the FPGA industry. Design development flow of Nios II System is also depicted in pictorial form which is self-explanatory for the reader.

Building Simple Applications with FPGA

This chapter gives the detailed implementation steps of six digital logic design applications such as multiplexer/demultiplexer, encoder/decoder, shift register, counter, memory, and traffic light controller. Here, the detailed steps are shown right from the creation of project till the simulation and final result on the development board.