Joanne Shattock

Elizabeth Gaskell: Journalism and Letters

That comment in a letter by Jane Carlyle,1 quoting in turn her friend the novelist Geraldine Jewsbury, contains a number of ironies. Jane, the acknowledged superior letter writer was to become posthumously a celebrated victim of her biographers, although not technically an author. Her ‘frank and natural’ letters, on the other hand, have been published in collected and selected editions regularly since 1883, and the correspondence of Thomas and Jane Carlyle is the subject of the Duke-Edinburgh edition, on going since 1970 and now in its 33rd volume.2

The Press and the Law

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Dickens and the Middle-class Weekly

The 1830s saw an upsurge in cheap miscellanies of general reading material for the broadest of readerships. From the outset of his career, Charles Dickens was fascinated by the possibilities of addressing such an audience, but not until 1850, with his founding of the 2d. weekly magazine, Household Words, did he achieve his ambition of editing such a periodical. The chapter traces the development of this project, and shows how Dickens embraced hybridity of form and content to establish a secure place for his new journal in the crowded mid-century marketplace, one that straddled class identifiers. In 1859, the journal was incorporated into a new publication, All the Year Round, which carried an instalment of serial fiction as the opening article, rather than a specially-written leader. The switch anticipated the establishment of a series of upmarket monthlies that also privileged fiction over journalism, and gave Dickens and his sub-editor the opportunity to establish early readerships for their brand abroad—in Europe, the colonies, and above all in America. Two postscripts to the chapter outline the afterlife of Dickens’s weeklies following his death in 1870, and their resurrection, in digital form, in the twenty-first century.