João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida

Produção de matéria seca e composição químico-bromatológica do feno de três leguminosas forrageiras tropicais em dois sistemas de cultivo

The experiment was conducted in the forage crops and pastures section of DNAP/IZ/UFRRJ, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, to evaluate the dry matter production (DMP) and chemical composition of three tropical forage legumes: puero (Pueraria phaseoloides), archer (Macrotyloma axillare) and perennial soybean (Neonotonia wightii) in two cultivate systems (CS) (supported and free). A randomized block design, in a factorial arrangement was used: (3 species X 2 (CS) X 4 (Repetition), in plots measuring 20m2. DMP was significantly different (P 0.05) for the values regarding CP and ADF of the legumes in each cultivate system. For the values of NDF there was significant difference (P<0.05) among the studied species, and the species that presented larger values was the puero followed by the perennial soybean and the archer. There was significance (P<0,05) of mineral matter from the interaction between legume and cultivation system. The greater value observed in supported system was that of puero, that was different of other species. However, free system showed the highest value to perennial soybean, which was the same to puero but different of archer.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES EM PLACAS FECAIS BOVINAS

EnglishThe experiment was conducted at the UFRRJ and the seed laboratory of PESAGRO-RIO, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil, in order to evaluate the germination of seeds in bovine dung, in field. The legumes used were: Leucaena leucocephala, Clitorea ternatea, Calopogonium mucunoides, Neonotonia wightii and Macrotyloma axillare. Seed administration was carried out through esophagic sounding (200 seeds/animal) of only one specie. The droppings were collected at 6 hours intervals up to 48 hours after ingestion. Feces were placed in plots of 50 x 70 cm of Paspalum notatum. Germinated seeds were counted at 30, 60 and 90 days. The experimental design employed was completely randomised, being 5 treatments (spe-cies) with 4 repetitions. The highest germination rate was found in Clitorea ternatea, as approxi-mately 19% from the ingested seeds germinated in the dung. The highest germinated seeds concen-tration was found at 18 to 24 hrs with 29.56% followed by 24 to 30 hrs with 20.44%, remembering what 100% is equal 102 plants. The results of this study suggests as the bovine can be used for practical and low cost introduction of legumes for improving or recuperation of pastures in Brazil. portuguesO experimento foi conduzido na UFRRJ e no laboratorio de producao e tecnologia de sementes da PESAGRO-RIO, Seropedica, RJ, Brasil, com o objetivo de avaliar a germinacao de sementes em placas bovinas fecais, a campo. Foram utilizadas as seguintes leguminosas: Leucaena leuco-cephala, Clitorea ternatea, Calopogonium mucu-noides, Neonotonia wightii e Macrotyloma axillare. As sementes foram administradas aos animais por sonda esofagica (200 sementes/animal) e as fezes foram recolhidas em intervalos de 6 horas ate completar 48 horas. As fezes foram alocadas em canteiros de 50 x 70 cm, num gramado de Paspalum notatum, permanecendo vedados. Foi contado o numero de plântulas germinadas, de cada especie, aos 30, 60 e 90 dias apos alocacao das placas nos canteiros. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente casualizado, 5 tratamentos (especies) com 4 repeticoes. A especie que apresentou maior porcentagem de plântulas nas fezes foi a Clitorea ternatea, pois aproximadamente 19% das sementes ingeridas germinaram nas fezes. O periodo em que foram excretadas as fezes que apresentou maior porcentagem de plântulas foi o de 18 a 24 horas com 29,56%, seguido do periodo de 24 a 30 horas com 20,44%, lembrando que 100% e igual a 102 plântulas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os bovinos podem ser utilizados para a introducao/dispersao de leguminosas de modo pratico e barato para a melhora ou recuperacao de pastagens degradadas no Brasil.

Classes of secondary metabolites identified in three legume species

The objective of this study was to identify secondary metabolite classes of tropical kudzu, perennial soybean and archer legumes through identification by phytochemical screening and confirmation by infrared (IR), 1H and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of fractions obtained by organic solvents partition of crude extracts. These analyses allowed for proposing the presence of the following metabolite classes: reducing sugars, saccharides, saponins, cardiac glucosides, terpenes, coumarins, tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. The tannins, saponins, alkaloids, organic acids and flavonoids had special consideration because they are toxic compounds and can affect the animal metabolism.

Extrato metanólico de Urochloa humidicola na fermentação ruminal in vitro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of the methanolic extract of Urochloa humidicola at four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 250 g L-1) on the in vitro rumen fermentation of Urochloa brizantha. The following variables were evaluated by the in vitro gas production technique: kinetic parameters; rumen degradation of dry matter; and production and concentration of the methane and carbon dioxide gases and of the acetate, propionate, and butyrate short-chain fatty acids. The addition of the methanolic extract reduces the production of gases generated from the degradation of nonfibrous carbohydrates (fraction A) in 9.55, 6.67, and 13.33%, respectively, at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1, compared with the control group, but it negatively affects the degradation of the dry matter of U. brizantha at the concentrations of 150 and 250 g L-1. The extract shows negative quadratic effect on gas production during 12 and 24 hours of U. brizantha incubation. The extract of U. humidicola reduces methane production and increases short-chain fatty acid production at the concentrations of 75, 150, and 250 g L-1.

Characterization of a Urochloa humidicola methanol extract as a phytogenic additive for ruminants

This survey aimed to characterize a Urochloa humidicola methanol extract regarding the presence of secondary metabolites classes and to determine its bromatological composition. U. humidicola samples were dried under shade, milled on a 2-mm sieve by a Willey mill. The solution obtained was filtered using filter paper and concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure; the concentrated residue was then placed in an open vessel to complete solvent removal using continuous air flow dryers. Phytochemical prospection tests and bromatological composition analyses were performed on the dry methanol extract, and the results were compared to in natura U. humidicola. The methanol extract had 10.2% CP and 35% EE and in natura U. humidicola had 5.17% CP and 1.57% EE, with a difference (P < 0.05) of 5% by Fisher’s test. In natura U. humidicola had 75.59% NDF, 40.77% ADF, 38.82% HEM, 29.93% CEL, and 7.19% LIG. Methanol extraction by cold maceration reduced the LIG (0.17%) and CEL (0.21%) contents as only soluble constituents were extracted. A phytochemical assay was positive for the presence of saponins, tannins, alkaloids, non-protein amino acids, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tripernoids, catechins, and saccharides and was negative for the presence of flavonoids and purines. The U. humidicola methanol extract possesses traits that allow its use as a phytogenic and natural additive.

Projeto geroleite: Melhora da gestão da produção leiteira: caso cooperativa agropecuária de Macaé-RJ

The research was done between december 2001 and may 2002 in Macae-RJ. This producers belonged to the Macae Cooperated Producers, having 1646 cows. The work aimed to collect data for two reports, one operational and other of performance, where producers could take administrative decisions. During the research 168 monthly reports were done. Using the operational report, the producers monitored the reproductive and productive status of each cow and the performance report allowed to have the productive and finance indexes under control by the individual monthly production cost. By using the monthly real production cost, it was expected that producers could take decisions to improve the management of their properties, using technologies to reduce their real production costs. The results showed that was possible to reduce in 0.3% the cost per litre of milk, in 2.5% the total production cost. The monthly production not increased -0.6% and cow productivity increased 3.6%.