João Wanderley Geraldi

As aventuras do conhecer: da transmissão à interlocução

Examining narratives, the authors analyze the hegemonic conceptions about the modes of production, circulation and appropriation of knowledge. These modes are characterized by a certain nonchalance as for the use and consequences of knowledge. The exhaustion of these concepts is revealed by the present paradigmatic crisis, which will ultimately propose new modes of knowledge production in the scientific world. The authors assume a subject is constituted by language and knowledge itself. The concept of knowledge as a transmittable thing is thus replaced by the view that knowledge constitutes through discursive processes. The authors propose the importance of memory, narratives and interlocution in these processes where subject and knowledge are closely intertwined.

Leitura: uma oferta de contrapalavras

Tomando por base o conceito bakhtiniano de contrapalavra como lugar de contrucao das compreensoes pelo leitor, este trabalho defende o ponto de vista de que, para uma leitura, o leitor vem carregado de contrapalavras e que o autor, no processo mesmo da producao, ja dialoga com contrapalavras por ele imaginadas. Reading: counter-words offer Abstract Based on the bakhtinian concept of counter-word as a building place for reader comprehension, this work defends the point-of-view that to the reading act reader is loaded with counter-words and that author, in the same production process, already dialogs with counter-words before imagined for himself.

Viva a tese!: Um guia de sobrevivência

o terminar de ler o ensaio de Maria EsterFreitas, nao sei bem a razao, retornaram dainfância uns poucos versos de uma cancao regionalque nunca mais ouvi e da qual nao lembro o que vemantes, nem o que se segue. Martelando, e dancandonos labios sem qualquer som para nao trair a memo-ria, ficou a seguinte sequencia – Ele esta fazendo tese,

A produção dos diferentes letramentos

In this paper we question the “modern” concept of literacy, observing it as it is a new theory aiming at replacing the concept of “alphabetization” and its practices so as to produce effective ways of inserting the subject in the worlds of writing and reading. We especially employ the Bakhtinian concepts of speech genres and responsible act on concrete utterances that exemplify the current teaching practice in order to show that the key problem in education is not the name change of a teaching practice, but it is both the mixture of two different realities when it comes to different levels of literacy or to different literacies and the unequal distribution of cultural goods in society.

LER E ESCREVER: UMA MERA EXIGÊNCIA ESCOLAR?

A conjuncao entre leitura e escrita e um lugar comum em toda e qualquer sociedade letrada. No entanto, as praticas de letramento tipicas destas mesmas sociedades separam claramente uma e outra atividade, de modo que a segunda e praticada por apenas alguns, enquanto a primeira e uma necessidade vital de todos os seus membros. Nesta exposicao, meu objetivo e fazer as distintas combinacoes possiveis entre uma e outra: quando se encara o [ler e escrever] como uma unidade de acao, acontecimento restrito as praticas escolares; quando [[ler] e [escrever]] conjugam duas acoes distintas, respondendo a diferentes compromissos sociais e quando se estatui uma diferenca essencial entre aqueles que podem ler e aqueles que escrevem, uma diferenca simbolica essencial, apenas sutilmente expressa na defesa da liberdade de expressao, e nao no direito de todos se expressarem. Na primeira parte, discutirei as praticas escolares que fazem abstracao das praticas sociais, exigindo um percurso de producao de leitura e escrita de diferentes generos discursivos-textuais; na segunda parte discutirei a clivagem entre ler e escrever que se estatui na sociedade, de modo que a liberdade de expressao de fato corresponde a liberdade de apenas alguns dos membros das sociedades letradas.

Culturas orais em sociedades letradas

One essential point regarding the relationship between language and culture is related to the different functions of writing and to the ways it is socially appropriated in literate societies. This article is based on a specific way of employing writing by Jarawara Indians and on narratives about the Amazonian myth called Cobra Norato (Norato Snake) told by people living along the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon. It then discusses the different relationships between orality and writing. Permeated by power relations, these relationships transform the alphabet, which is a social artifact constructed to express orality, into a social territory of differences, cleavage and exclusion.

A PRÁTICA ESCOLAR SOB ESCRUTÍNIO

The aim of this article is to present some tendencies in research of brazilianuniversities, taking into account the areas of Applied Linguistics, Psycology of Education andLibrarianship. As object of our investigation, we selected fifty-three studies (master anddoctoral thesis) produced from 1980 untill 1995, about the same theme: questions of learningand teaching in formal and informal situations.The results of this study show three majoremphasis: a) relations established between subjects and writing; b) reflections on thecharacteristics of language based on references of school process; c) production of differenttheorectical assumptions and practical activities to be developed in the classroom.