Joaquín Bosque Sendra

Sensitivity Analysis in Multicriteria Spatial Decision-Making: A Review

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to review how sensitivity analysis has been applied to models based on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Multicriteria Evaluation techniques (MCE). This kind of analysis is conceived as a stage in the model evaluation that examines the extent of output variation of a model when parameters are systematically varied over a range of interest. Twenty-eight studies related to land planning processes, environmental management, and location of noxious facilities have been examined. This review reveals that sensitivity analysis is a) not a common practice, b) is more widely carried out in location of noxious facilities, and c) that the analysis most frequently used is based on the variation of the weights of the factors implied in the process to test whether it significantly modifies the results obtained.

Crisis and permanence of the traditional Mediterranean landscape in the central region of Spain

Abstract The rural landscape of the Mediterranean regions has undergone very important transformations during the past 30 years. The traditional agricultural system, which dominated land use for centuries, underwent a crisis at the same time that modern technology was introduced to agriculture. The landscape recorded the impacts of that crisis and now shows the impacts of modern technological application. The Alcarria of Guadalajara (central Spanish region) is a sparsely populated eminently agricultural area, which is characterized by a series of vast and high platforms on which exists a hydrologic network that has formed valleys of various lengths. Cereals, olive groves, and vineyards occupy the agricultural soil; pastures cover most of the forested areas in which small ‘quercinea’ forest persist. Within the Alcarria, a pilot area (Trijueque) has been chosen to test cartographic analysis of landscape change. First, attention is focused on land use on two dates (1957 and 1983), land use being the most ostensible manifestation of landscape morphology. Stable and dynamic areas are differentiated; structural transformation (technological application) environmental impact, and landscape appraisal are addressed. Each of these landscape elements can be judged to have experienced progressive, regressive, or precariously balanced dynamics. This diagnosis, expressed on a summary map, will enable decision making in the domain of territorial politics to be properly grounded.

Localización de centros de tratamiento de residuos: una propuesta metodológica basada en un SIG

En el presente trabajo se plantea un procedimiento para la seleccion de lugares candidatos donde ubicar instalaciones de tratamiento y / o eliminacion de residuos. Este procedimiento esta basado en la utilizacion de un Sistema de Informacion Geografica y tecnicas Multicriterio y se consideran factores tanto de eficiencia (economica y social) como de justicia espacial. La region seleccionada para la aplicacion de este trabajo ha sido la Comunidad de Madrid, que destaca por ser una de las areas mas industrializadas del pais

Un procedimiento para elaborar mapas de riesgos naturales aplicado a Honduras

A method based on the theory of Evidence of Dempster-Shafer to build risk maps is proposed. Procedures to create maps of flooding exposition and to measure territorial vulnerability are explained. The analysis are carried out using IDRISI software GIS and the area under study is Honduras.

La información en geografía humana. Algunos problemas de su tratamiento con un sistema de información geográfica (SIG)

Los SiU han demostrado su gran capacidad de tratamiento de la informacion y su validez en multiples ocasiones. Por su misma naturaleza, esta herramienta ha sido hasta ahora aplicada a cuestiones en las que priman distribuciones y relaciones espaciales de uno o varios fenomenos. Sin embargo, la informacion en Geografia Humana puede, en ocasiones, ser de naturaleza que dificilmente se presta a ser tratada por un Sistema de Informacion Geografica. En estas paginas planteamos dos problemas relacionados con el uso del SiU en el manejo de la informacion geografica: el primero de ellos se refiere a las posibilidades de uso de esta tecnologia por parte de los paradigmas surgidos en el mundo geografico a raiz de la reaccion anticuantitativista de finales de los anos sesenta. Aqui solo lo enunciaremos, ya que se trata de un problema de profundo caracter teorico y conceptual surgido de posturas cientificas posiblemente irreconciliables.

Percepción de distancias por la población jubilada de Alcalá de Henares. Una aplicación del método de expansión.

Las distancias percibidas juegan un papel importante en los comportamientos espaciales de la poblacion de ciudades como Alcala de Henares (Madrid, Espana). Diversos factores ya sean personales (sexo, edad nivel cultural...), Como de los propios recorridos (longitud real, nivel de legibilidad...)inciden ampliamente en la explicacion de sus magnitudes. Para la construccion de mejores modelos matematicos de la relacion entre distancia percibida y longitud real se utiliza el recientemente propuesto metodo de expansion, el cual facilita establecer ecuaciones explicativas que incluyen, de un modo mas correcto, los mencionados factores.

Atlas Design: A Usability Approach for the Development and Evaluation of Cartographic Products

Technological advancement has led us to new ways of representing geospatial information, beyond traditional analogue forms. As a consequence, the design of maps and atlases is developing in new ways. The hypothesis of this study could be formulated as follows: the use of digital and interactive elements in a thematic atlas improves and enhances the usability of the cartographic products for the visualization of architectural heritage (in this case of Tegucigalpa and Comayaguela), due to which it provides new ways and possibilities for interaction. The study, therefore, focuses on usability to evaluate thematic atlases in the design process, and examine the differences that potential users present to digital-interactive atlases and static-printed atlases; the first embodied in desktop computers, the second printed on paper. The three measures of usability: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, were evaluated in the two atlases presented, by means of five tasks applied to 50 participants, each task w...Technological advancement has led us to new ways of representing geospatial information, beyond traditional analogue forms. As a consequence, the design of maps and atlases is developing in new ways. The hypothesis of this study could be formulated as follows: the use of digital and interactive elements in a thematic atlas improves and enhances the usability of the cartographic products for the visualization of architectural heritage (in this case of Tegucigalpa and Comayagüela), due to which it provides new ways and possibilities for interaction. The study, therefore, focuses on usability to evaluate thematic atlases in the design process, and examine the differences that potential users present to digital-interactive atlases and static-printed atlases; the first embodied in desktop computers, the second printed on paper. The three measures of usability: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction, were evaluated in the two atlases presented, by means of five tasks applied to 50 participants, each task with a purpose of special use within the scope of the atlas and architectural heritage. We also measured perceptions and emotions. Our findings suggest that printed and digital atlases complement each other because of their different kinds of uses and expectations. Usability metrics differ slightly; those related to success and time are higher in the digital atlas, whereas those related to satisfaction and perception are higher in the printed atlas.

Un modelo multirregional para la proyección de la población de las provincias españolas.

It is showna projection model of regional communitiesbasedon theanalysisand foresight of dic vegetativegrowth and migrant flows which are presentamongall the fields in study. Wc have drawn seven population projections of the Spanish provinces for dic year 2000, on the basisof different hipothesesaboutdic evolution of the migrantflows. In order to map the outcomeswe have resortedto a three-dimensionalrepresentation processwith an isornetric approach,which hasbern developedNy ore of rhe authorsir bis doctoratethesis.

Procedimientos informáticos para el análisis de datos geográficos.

No puede negarse que el contacto directo del investigador con estas tareas le proporciona ciertas ensenanzas, relativas sobre todo a la fiabilidad y peculiaridades de las fuentes; sin embargo, es asimismo evidente que, cuando el volumen de informacion y datos a manejar crece mucho, los trabajos arriba mencionados pueden absorber una gran parte del tiempo total destinado al estudio. De ello resultan casi ineludiblemente dos consecuencias negativas: por un