Jocelem Mastrodi Salgado

Análise química do leite de búfala em comparação ao leite de vaca

Foi estudada a composicao quimica do leite de bufala em relacao do leite de vaca. O leite de bufala apresentou niveis de gordura, proteina, solidos totais, calorias, vitamina A e calcio mais elevados em relacao ao leite de vaca. Os acidos graxos presentes no leite de bufala em maior concentracao foram caprico, miristico, palmitico, estearico, palmitoleico e linoleico e em menor concentracao foram os acidos graxos butirico, e oleico em relacao ao leite de vaca.

O óleo de abacate (Persea americana Mill) como matéria-prima para a indústria alimentícia

Healthy life habits and an adequate diet, together with a high intake of fruits and vegetables, are associated with reducing the risk of diseases and maintaining health. The avocado oil has bioactive substances that can prevent and control the hyperlipidemia. Since there is little scientific research evaluating the oil potential for human consumption, the present work studied the extraction and refining process of the avocado oil. Firstly, the pulp was extracted from the fruit. The fresh pulp was dried in a stove and then grounded for obtaining the bran. The oil obtained from de bran was extracted and characterized. The results showed that the extraction and refining process of the Margarida avocado variety is technically feasible, and it is an excellent raw material for the food industry. Besides, the fatty acid composition and the sterols presents in the avocado oil are similar to the olive oil. Thus, the avocado oil can substitute the soybean oil, or it can be mixed with the olive oil offeringHealthy life habits and an adequate diet, together with a high intake of fruits and vegetables, are associated with reducing the risk of diseases and maintaining health. The avocado oil has bioactive substances that can prevent and control the hyperlipidemia. Since there is little scientific research evaluating the oil potential for human consumption, the present work studied the extraction and refining process of the avocado oil. Firstly, the pulp was extracted from the fruit. The fresh pulp was dried in a stove and then grounded for obtaining the bran. The oil obtained from de bran was extracted and characterized. The results showed that the extraction and refining process of the Margarida avocado variety is technically feasible, and it is an excellent raw material for the food industry. Besides, the fatty acid composition and the sterols presents in the avocado oil are similar to the olive oil. Thus, the avocado oil can substitute the soybean oil, or it can be mixed with the olive oil offering the Brazilian consumers a product of high quality and low cost.

Efeito do abacate (Persea americana Mill) variedade hass na lipidemia de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos

Phytonutrients can be found in fruits, and the avocado contains four times more beta-sitosterol (phytosterol) and it is one of the best glutathione sources. The phytosterol is a vegetable substance whose structure is very similar to the cholesterol one and its action mechanism involves the intestinal inhibition of cholesterol absorption and the synthesis of hepatic cholesterol. The effect has an influence on the values of total plasmatic cholesterol and LDL without affecting the levels of HDL and triglycerides. The present work had the objective to analyze the influence of the consumption of the Hass avocado on the levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and hepatic and excreted cholesterol. These parameters were investigated in hipercholesterolemic Wistar rats during 30 and 60 days of experiment. At the end of 30 days, the 15% avocado diet reduced the levels of total cholesterol and LDL in comparison to the control. It was observed that for the excreted cholesterol, the best diet was the 25% of avocado since the cholesterol excretion increased with the increase of the avocado concentration. The 15% avocado diet also influenced the levels of hepatic cholesterol.

The effects of green tea consumption and resistance training on body composition and resting metabolic rate in overweight or obese women

Green tea has been shown to have thermogenic and antiobesity properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate its effect on weight loss in humans, especially in women. We investigated the effects of green tea consumption combined with resistance training on the body composition and the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in women who were overweight or obese (grade I). After 4 weeks on an adaptive diet, 36 women were divided into four groups (group 1 green tea; group 2 placebo; group 3 green tea plus resistance training; group 4 placebo plus resistance training). The study was double-blinded and placebo-controlled. The RMR and body composition were ascertained for each volunteer, blood tests were performed, and subjects in groups 3 and 4 were tested for their one repetition maximum. Each subject followed the protocol and continued the diet for eight additional weeks, and periodic evaluations were administered. The mean RMR of group 1 decreased significantly and was accompanied by weight loss, maintenance of lean body mass, and decreases in both waist circumference and body mass index. Group 2 showed no variations in anthropometric or blood variables and significantly decreased their mean RMR. Group 3 showed significant increases in RMR, lean body mass, and muscle strength, and significant decreases in body fat, triglycerides, and waist circumference as compared to group 4. Green tea combined with resistance training its potential is increased with decreasing body fat, waist circumference, and triacylglyceride levels and by increasing lean body mass and muscle strength.

Effect of mango (Mangifera indica, L.) ingestion on blood glucose levels of normal and diabetic rats

The effects of the intake of flour obtained from mango pulp (Tommy Atkins cultivar) (6.85% soluble fiber, 11.96% insoluble fiber, 2.53% protein, 1.3% total lipids and 2.52% ash) on weight gain, dietary intake, glycemia and hepatic glycogen were studied in normal and diabetic rats. The diabetic animals eating diets containing 5, 10 and 15% mango flour during the 30 day study showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose level in comparison to the diabetic controls eating a diet containing 0% mango. In the second study, diets with 0 and 5% mango flour were fed to diabetic rats to see if the 5% mango diet would still reduce blood glucose over a longer period. The blood glucose level of the rats consuming mango at the end of ninety days was 66% lower than that in the controls. In this study, it was also observed that the hepatic glycogen level of the animals fed mangos was 64% greater than in the controls, which might have contributed to the reduction in blood glucose in these animals. In addition, the animals fed mango had a higher serum insulin level (p < 0.05) than those in the control group. The results from this research suggest that mango flour can possibly help in the treatment of diabetes.

Neuroprotective Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract after Chronic Infusion with Amyloid-β Peptide in Mice

Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic and degenerative condition that had no treatment until recently. The current therapeutic strategies reduce progression of the disease but are expensive and commonly cause side effects that are uncomfortable for treated patients. Functional foods to prevent and/or treat many conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, represent a promising field of study currently gaining attention. To this end, here we demonstrate the effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PPE) regarding spatial memory, biomarkers of neuroplasticity, oxidative stress and inflammation in a mouse model of neurodegeneration. Male C57Bl/6 mice were chronically infused for 35 days with amyloid-β peptide 1–42 (Aβ) or vehicle (control) using mini-osmotic pumps. Another group, also infused with Aβ, was treated with PPE (p.o.– βA+PPE, 800 mg/kg/day). Spatial memory was evaluated in the Barnes maze. Animals treated with PPE and in the control group exhibited a reduction in failure to find the escape box, a finding that was not observed in the Aβ group. The consumption of PPE reduced amyloid plaque density, increased the expression of neurotrophin BDNF and reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme. A reduction in lipid peroxidation and in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was also observed in the PPE group. No hepatic lesions were observed in animals treated with PPE. In conclusion, administration of pomegranate peel extract has neuroprotective effects involving multiple mechanisms to prevent establishment and progression of the neurodegenerative process induced by infusion with amyloid-β peptide in mice.

Efeito da pectina e da celulose nos níveis séricos de colesterol e triglicerídeos em ratos hiperlipidêmicos

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high and low-methoxyl pectins (HMP and LMP, respectively), and cellulose on serum levels of cholesterol and, tryglicerides in hiperlipidemic rats. The experiment was performed with rats, male and adults, with 220 to 250g body weight and placed into 13 blocks of six rats each. One group received a control diet and the others, diets with different levels of pectin and cellulose. The body weight decreased significantly as the concentration of the fiber sources increased. HMP - fed rats (10 and 15%) had the lowest serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea concentrations compared to cellulose - fed rats.

Effects of different concentrations of passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis) on the glicemic control in diabetic rat

Diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disorder, is the major cause of morbidity in developing countries, and it is considered the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional therapy for diabetes is insulin treatment. The peel of the Passion fruit is rich in fiber and prevents the absorption of carbohydrates, and thus can control and reduce the blood sugar rate. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the passion fruit peel flour on the glicemia of diabetic rats, as well as to study the probable action mechanisms. Wistar rats were used in the experiment and were offered the flours of the passion fruit peel in three concentrations: 5, 10, and 15%, and a casein diet as control. The most significant effect on the reduction of the glicemic rate was obtained with the 5% diet. The best values of hepatic glycogen were found in the 5 and 10% diets. The results of this study suggest that the 5% passion fruit flour diet was the one that provided the best reduction of blood glucose levels (59%) and the higher increase of the hepatic glycogen level (71%). The conversion of blood glucose into hepatic glycogen was considered the probable action mechanism involved.

Effect of gala apples (Malus domestica Borkh) on lipidemia of hyperlipidemic rats

A healthy life style and a balanced diet, associated with a high fruit and vegetable intake, are linked to good health and the prevention of diseases. Apples contain bioactive compounds that help in the prevention and control of hyperlipidemia. One of the Public Health concerns in Brazil is to reduce cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the chemical composition of Gala apples and to study the effect of their consumption on weight gain, food intake, serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, hepatic cholesterol and fecal cholesterol in male albino Wistar rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. Six animals were utilized for each treatment (control, 5, 15 and 25% apple diet), during 30 and 60 days. This study showed that one apple (200 g) can provide 14.5% of recommended total fiber and 55% of recommended vitamin C, besides supplying considerable quantities of phenolic compounds (0.38 g.100 g-1) and tannins (0.16 g.100 g-1). All animals showed a non-significant reduction in their weight gain and food intake with an increase in the concentration of apple in the diets. At the end of 30 days, all of the diets provided a significant reduction in the levels of triglycerides compared to the control group. The 15 and 25% apple diets showed significant reductions in the serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C and an increase in the level of fecal cholesterol in relation to the control group. The 25% apple diet provided a significant reduction in the hepatic cholesterol levels compared to the control group. After 60 days, the serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides in rats fed with 5, 15 and 25% apple diets were similar to the control group. This probably happened due to a revertion of the process. These results show the importance of Gala apples in the control of hyperlipidemia in rats. A diet rich in vegetables and fruits, including apples, associated to a healthy life style, over time, could prevent or reduce the risk of heart disease.

Formas termolisada e viva de leveduras na redução de toxicidade causada por aflatoxinas

As aflatoxinas sao metabolitos hepatotoxicos produzidos por algumas linhagens de Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus e, eventualmente, por A. nomius sobre grande numero de produtos agricolas. Esta pesquisa foi conduzida para avaliar a capacidade de Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nas formas termolisada e desidratada viva, em reduzir os danos causados por aflatoxinas. Para tal, foi preparada uma dieta basica e desta se obtiveram quatro formulacoes: uma como controle; as demais contaminadas com aflatoxinas na concentracao de 400 mg kg-1, sendo duas com posterior adicao de 1% de leveduras, uma na forma termolisada e outra como desidratada viva. Um bioensaio com duracao de 28 dias foi efetuado com ratos Wistar. Foram realizados os estudos do peso relativo de orgaos internos e a analise do tecido hepatico dos animais. Os pesos relativos de orgaos internos de animais submetidos aos diferentes tratamentos nao diferiram estatisticamente entre si; o tecido do figado dos animais submetidos a dieta livre de aflatoxinas foi adotado como padrao de isento de toxidez; o tecido hepatico dos animais que receberam dieta controle com aflatoxinas apresentaram sinais claros de toxicidade; os animais que receberam dieta com aflatoxinas + 1% de levedura termolisada apresentaram sinais de toxicidade semelhantes ao controle com aflatoxinas; o tecido hepatico dos animais que receberam dieta com aflatoxinas + 1% de levedura viva apresentaram sinais de toxicidade menores do que os animais que receberam a dieta controle com aflatoxinas. As leveduras termolisadas nao foram capazes de suprimir os efeitos das aflatoxinas; as leveduras vivas apresentaram habilidade de reduzir os efeitos promovidos por aflatoxinas.