Johann F. Schneider

Relations among Self-Talk, Self-Consciousness, and Self-Knowledge

The aim of this study was to examine the relations among self-talk, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge through an exploratory principal component analysis and to test the hypothesis that only the functional and reflective aspects of self-consciousness contribute to self-knowledge. A self-report questionnaire including 6 scales assessing different aspects of self-talk, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge was administered to 203 German undergraduate university students. A principal component analysis of the scales yielded a two-factor solution, supporting the distinction between functional and dysfunctional self-consciousness. In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, only functional self-consciousness was a significant predictor of self-knowledge. Limitations of the present measures of inner speech are addressed.

DOES SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS MEDIATE THE RELATION BETWEEN SELF-TALK AND SELF-KNOWLEDGE? '

Building on Morins understanding of the relations among self-talk, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge, this study examined the hypothesis that functional and dysfunctional self-consciousness mediate between self-talk and self-knowledge. A self-report questionnaire including 10 scales assessing different aspects of Self-talk, Self-consciousness, and Self-knowledge was administered to 200 German undergraduate university students (95 women, 105 men). Mediation analysis showed that the observed negative relationship between Self-talk and Self-knowledge was mediated by Dysfunctional Self-consciousness, while Functional Self-consciousness acted like a supressor variable. The discussion focuses on limitations of the present measures of Self-talk.

Exploring ease in thinking aloud

Thinking aloud seems unnatural and difficult to most subjects. The present study explored the relation between Ease in Thinking Aloud, verbal fluency, Self-talk, and Big Five personality traits for a heterogeneous sample of 101 German-speaking adults (50 women and 51 men). Ease in Thinking Aloud positively correlated with scores on verbal fluency (r = .31) and Conscientiousness (r = 38). The discussion considers implications for further research on ease in thinking aloud.

Sex Roles and Social Behavior: On the Relation between the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the SYMLOG Behavior Rating Scales

Abstract The present study was conducted to refine some findings of Wiggins and Holzmuller (1978, 1981), who reported on interpersonal flexibility and the conceptual similarity between the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Leary interpersonal circumplex variables. The SYMLOG Behavior Rating Form and the BSRI scales were both administered to two samples of advanced students of psychology. With few exceptions, the results obtained do not confirm any of the hypotheses presented by Wiggins and Holzmuller. One may speculate that their findings may be due mainly to the fact that both sets of self-report measures are composed of highly abstract trait names far removed from observable behavioral acts.

CONSERVATISM AND COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY

The study explored the relationship between conservatism and a number of indices of cognitive complexity obtained from the same grid material when 90 nurse students rated 13 role figures on 13 provided bipolar constructs. Several indices of cognitive complexity were constructed. Neither the indices computed over the constructs nor the indices computed over the role figures correlated significantly with the scores of the Wilson-Patterson C. Scale.

Prayer and inner speech: Is there a connection?

The present study explored the relation between frequency of prayer, inner speech, and self-efficacy for a sample of 134 Germany adults (88 women and 46 men). It was hypothesized that prayer activity by adults is functionally related to inner speech, and both might result in higher self-efficacy, but the findings challenge the notion that inner speech is associated with frequency of prayer and self-efficacy. More importantly, significant negative correlations were found between self-efficacy and both the measures of frequency of prayer (r = –.28) and church attendance (r = –.44). Further research is needed to relate inner speech to different types of private prayer, given that this sample comprised irregular churchgoers who prayed “never” or “sometimes.”

Authoritarian Attitudes and Aesthetic Preferences: A Bulgarian Replication

This report describes a Bulgarian replication with 173 students of a German study concerning the effect of stimulus properties of complexity and order and authoritarian attitudes on the perceived pleasantness of polygons. Analyses of variance yielded neither significant main effects nor significant interactions for the different measures of authoritarianism, but there were significant main effects for order and complexity.