John D. Robertson

Formation and Success of New Parties A Cross-National Analysis

After describing the universe of 233 new parties formed in 19 West European and Anglo-American democracies from 1960 through 1980, the authors use data on those parties to address several hypotheses concerning system-level causes and conditions for new party formation and electoral success. It is found that although the propensi ty for forming new parties is not associated with structural variables, new party suc cess is related to the type of electoral system.

Inflation, Unemployment, and Government Collapse A Poisson Application

As democracies enter an era of economic retrenchment, the political costs associated with economic decline have come under close scrutiny by students of comparative politics and public policy. Of particular concern is the linkage between inflation, unemployment, and the collapse of incumbent governments. The present study provides an initial application of an alternative approach to measuring this linkage across 8 European democracies, and offers significant evidence linking political costs for cabinet governments with rising prices and the growing unemployment. By utilizing the Poisson method of determining probabilities of discrete events, increasing probabilities of government collapse are significantly associated with rising inflation and unemployment in European democracies between January 1958 and December 1979. Subsequent use of the Sanders and Hermans (1977) and Warwick (1979) analyses of cabinet stability provides a useful means to disaggregate the nation sample of the study into four discrete subsets of nations. After applying the model developed in the current study to these separate subsets, it is concluded that the more significant the change in rates of inflation and unemployment, the more likely the pattern of government collapse will be interrupted by the unexpected termination of an incumbent regime.

Class Compromises in Industrial Democracies

l he stability of democracies has been of critical interest to students of comparative politics. One question that has received limited empirical analysis is, How do we integrate class conflict into the broader concept of democratic stability? We extend the work of Przeworski and Wallerstein. Our principal thesis is that as the material bases of class exchange diminish, the state intervenes economically to expand the resources conducive to class consent. A tripartite coalition thus emerges, with the state facilitating class compromise between labor and capital through economic policies. We explore this thesis in a cross-national analysis of data collected from 20 advanced industrial democracies during the time period 1965-83, and explore the essential conclusions and the political-economic implications of our findings.

The impact of organized labor on public employment: A comparative analysis

This paper examines the political economy of public employment, specifically the impact of labor unions on public employment across 20 OECD nations during the 1965–1983 period. A theoretical paradigm based on exchange theory is used to explain the rationale for organized labor’s role in public employment. A model is then presented and tested to explain variation in public employment levels across the 20 nations. The results of the analyses support the central hypothesis that labor union power is positively correlated with public employment. Following the data analysis, the conclusions and implications of the findings are discussed as they pertain to the political economy in advanced industrial democracies.

The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance

of defensiveness on the continued value of theories of hegemonial stability (chap. 4), Gilpin does a good job of defending his views. The author does an excellent job of surveying recent work in economics without resorting to jargon. There are outstanding treatments of topics like the continued relevance of Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory, strategic trade, endogenous growth theory, and the new economic geography. The discussion of the globalization of international finance in Chapter 10 emphasizes the need to take into account the “increased interdependence of trade, monetary, and other aspects of the international economy” that results from “movement toward a single, globally integrated market for corporation ownership” (277). Chapter 11 provides a state-of-the-art discussion of the role of multinational corporations in the world economy. Chapter 12 does a fine job of discussing the likely future of theories of the developmental state in light of the Asian crises of the late 1990s. The final chapter lays out three major scenarios for governance of the world economy, informed as always by the author’s realist views. This book is long and dense. There are few wasted or unnecessary words. It is not easy to read. However, it could be used for graduate seminars or upper division undergraduate courses in international political economy in conjunction with texts that are more empirical or descriptive in their treatment of international political economy. Global Political Economy is an excellent book. It represents a major and successful updating of The Political Economy of International Relations. Any person interested in international political economy can profit from reading it.

Democracy Transformed? Expanding Political Opportunities in Advanced Industrial Democracies

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The European Commission and the Integration of Europe: Images of Governance. By Liesbet Hooghe. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 279.

of defensiveness on the continued value of theories of hegemonial stability (chap. 4), Gilpin does a good job of defending his views. The author does an excellent job of surveying recent work in economics without resorting to jargon. There are outstanding treatments of topics like the continued relevance of Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory, strategic trade, endogenous growth theory, and the new economic geography. The discussion of the globalization of international finance in Chapter 10 emphasizes the need to take into account the “increased interdependence of trade, monetary, and other aspects of the international economy” that results from “movement toward a single, globally integrated market for corporation ownership” (277). Chapter 11 provides a state-of-the-art discussion of the role of multinational corporations in the world economy. Chapter 12 does a fine job of discussing the likely future of theories of the developmental state in light of the Asian crises of the late 1990s. The final chapter lays out three major scenarios for governance of the world economy, informed as always by the author’s realist views. This book is long and dense. There are few wasted or unnecessary words. It is not easy to read. However, it could be used for graduate seminars or upper division undergraduate courses in international political economy in conjunction with texts that are more empirical or descriptive in their treatment of international political economy. Global Political Economy is an excellent book. It represents a major and successful updating of The Political Economy of International Relations. Any person interested in international political economy can profit from reading it.

65.00 cloth,

This paper compares the logical foundations and classical interpretations of compact and compound theories of federalism as they apply to the emerging European federal authority. The study outlines the critical criteria by which one would ascertain the dominance of one model relative to that of the other within the emerging structure of authority across Europe. Operationalizing the critical institutional authority patterns governing the coordination of general property interests throughout European democracies, the study concludes that between 1955 and 1992, major European democracies have evolved toward a hybrid logic of institutional authority consistent more with a compound than a compact theory of federal authority. The sample consists of 14 European democracies.

23.00 paper.)

While many scholars note the political costs of poor national economic performance for incubent politicians in European democracies, few studies compare the relative success of different types of parliamentary democracies in securing enduring cabinet administrations. The present study compares the relationship between the longevity of cabinet administrations and the nature of economic performance (e.g., inflation and unemployment) in two groups of European democracies: consociational parliamentary democracies (Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands) and non-consociational parliamentary-or modified parliamentary-democracies (Finland, France, Great Britain, Norway and West Germany). The findings are based on longitudinal (1958-1982) cross-national data which have been segregated for analysis into consociational (N = 44) and non-consociational (N = 60) samples. The country samples are restricted by the availability of comparable monthly economic data, yet the study confirms that consociational democracies are more susceptible to the discontinuity of policy and the decline of executive authority as a result of rising prices and employment than are non-consociational democracies. Furthermore, as expected, the effect of sustained unemployment and relative price increases across successive cabinet administrations is found to be particularly significant for consociational democracy in this sample.