John K. Collins

ENDEMIC GOITRE IN CENTRAL CHINA CAUSED BY EXCESSIVE IODINE INTAKE

Thyroid status was examined in children from two villages in central China where the iodine concentrations in drinking water were 462.5 and 54 micrograms/l. Goitres were present in 65% (n = 120) and 15.4% (n = 51), respectively. All children in both groups were clinically euthyroid and neurologically normal. Growth measurements and intellectual performance were similar in the two groups. Children from the high-iodine village had a lower mean serum triiodothyronine and higher serum free thyroxine and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations than the children from the control village. 2 cases of overt hypothyroidism were detected in the high-iodine village.Thyroid status was examined in children from two villages in central China where the iodine concentrations in drinking water were 462.5 and 54 µg/1. Goitres were present in 65% (n = 120) and 15.4% (n=51), respectively. All children in both groups were clinically euthyroid and neurologically normal. Growth measurements and intellectual performance were similar in the two groups. Children from the high-iodine village had a lower mean serum triiodothyronine and higher serum free thyroxine and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations than the children from the control village. 2 cases of

Measurement of Depth of Desired and Experienced Sexual Involvement at Different Stages of Dating

Abstract A scale was constructed which may be used to measure depth of desired and experienced sexual involvement during various stages of dating. Consisting of 12 items, the scale was constructed after administering a scale of 16 items, derived from previously published scales, to 259 subjects. Test‐retest reliability for the desired behaviors and actual experiences of 61 subjects was found to range as high as .86 for dating desires to .96 for dating behavior. The coefficients of reproducibility and scalability were found to range from .94 to .95 and from .70 to .79, respectively, using 2,001 subjects. Coefficient alpha ranged from .87 to .99 for different uses of the scale. Item to total correlations and construct validity were examined using the responses of 156 subjects and 259 subjects, respectively. Results showed that although initial differences existed between the sexes, compatibility of behavior and desire developed over stages of dating and with increasing age. Criterion validity was measured u...

Body Percept Change in Obese Females after Weight Reduction Therapy.

Video-image representations of body size were measured on a television monitor that was modified to give a display continuum that ranged from 50% under- to 50% over-estimation of objective size. Sixty-eight females who were undergoing weight reduction counseling were measured before and after treatment. All Ss judged themselves to be significantly more obese than they actually were, with a tendency for errors to be greatest among the more obese Ss. After therapy, more realistic estimates of their physiques ensued. A drop-out rate of 23% was recorded; the drop-outs saw themselves as significantly more obese than those who graduated from the program.

Body shape perception in bulimia and anorexia nervosa

Nineteen female patients with bulimia and thirty-one with anorexia nervosa were studied using a distorting lens technique. Both groups overestimated their actual body shapes and the bulimia patients desired to be much thinner than they were. These findings are discussed in relation to the literature on the treatment of these disorders.

A Muscular component in the inter-limb transfer of the kinesthetic spatial aftereffect*

Abstract The influence of the muscular component involved in rotating the limb to its normal resting position on the inter-limb transfer of the kinesthetic spatial aftereffect was investigated in two experiments. In each case the kinesthetic task was that of judging the horizontal after the limb had been rotated through 20dG and held in that position for 90 sec. The results showed that while relatively large intra-limb effects were produced in both experiments the magnitude of the inter-limb transfer was influenced by the return of the limb to its normal resting position. The muscular component was seen as relevant in explaining previous findings of inter-limb transfer.

The effect fo muscular involvement in the kinaesthetic spatial aftereffect

Abstract The kinaesthetic spatial aftereffect was used to investigate the muscular component in positional judgments. In the first experiment the magnitude of the aftereffect following 30[ddot] rotation of the limb through its longitudinal axis for 90 sec. was measured using 20 Ss. In a second experiment using 40 Ss the spatial and temporal aspects of stimulation were replicated while muscular exertion was varied. A comparison of the results of the two experiments showed that a muscular component, dependent upon the direction of prior stimulation, was present in positional judgments.

Methodology for the objective measurement of body image

An apparatus for the objective measurement of the conscious aspects of body image is described. The method involves photographing subjects and scanning the photograph with a video camera. The subject adjusts a control that varies the image on a television monitor to give a representative continuum from endomorphy through mesomorphy to ectomorphy without distorting height. A permanent photographc record of the subjects judgment can be taken. A permanent graphic record of the accuracy of the judgment and of the judgment time can be registered by a pen recorder as impulses from the control are relayed as the subject adjusts the dial. Data on the body image of a group of 60 obese females, 25 hospitalized anorexics, and 50 controls are presented. Implications for therapy and further research are discussed.

Distance perception as a function of age

Abstract Age changes in the veridicality of judgments up to 600 cm away from the observers were tested in 30 subjects in three groups ranging from 5 years to adults. Using the method of adjustment matching judgments were made, distally from the subject, of a standard length placed at his feet. All subjects exhibited underconstancy with a decrease in variability and an increase in the accuracy of judgments with increasing age. A shift in the veridicality of distance perception was found to have taken place between the 5 to 7 year and the 9 to 11 year old groups.

Adolescent dating intimacy: Norms and peer expectations.

Both dating behavior and peer expectations, in 317 adolescents, were examined during the first date, after several dates, when going steady, and when some commitment to marriage was undertaken. The results showed an initial tendency for the behavior of males to be more intimate than that of females. Female behavior approached that of males as the commitment in the affectional relationship increased. Generally, both males and females conformed to their peer expectations for less intimate behaviors but not for the deeper forms of sexual embrace, where they imagined their peers to be more experienced.

The sexual and affectional attitudes and experiences of Australian adolescents during dating: The effects of age, church attendance, type of school, and socioeconomic class

The dating attitudes and behaviors of Australian youth were studied. Both sexual and affectional attitudes and behaviors were examined. The influence of the following factors was assessed: stages of dating, age, socioeconomic status, church attendance, and type of school attended. Psychosexual and psychoaffectional scales were used to measure dating orientation. Findings suggest that factors influencing sexual orientation are the stage of dating, age, church attendance, and type of school attended. Factors influencing psychoaffectional orientation are stage of dating, church attendance, and type of school attended. One important verification to emerge from the research was that the psychosexual and psychoaffectional orientations were not opposite poles of a single continuum but were totally independent dimensions. It is possible to score high or low on both dimensions depending on past experience, present attitudes and the nature of the present relationship. Further, the male psychoaffectional orientation was not markedly different from the female orientation, as has been previously suggested.