John L. Taylor

Alterations in the Rat Serum Proteome During Liver Injury from Acetaminophen Exposure

Changes in the serum proteome were identified during early, fulminant, and recovery phases of liver injury from acetaminophen in the rat. Male F344 rats received a single, noninjury dose or a high, injury-producing dose of acetaminophen for evaluation at 6 to 120 h. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunodepleted serum separated approximately 800 stained proteins per sample from which differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels and histopathology revealed the greatest liver damage at 24 and 48 h after high-dose acetaminophen corresponding to the time of greatest serum protein alterations. After 24 h, 68 serum proteins were significantly altered of which 23 proteins were increased by >5-fold and 20 proteins were newly present compared with controls. Only minimal changes in serum proteins were noted at the low dose without any histopathology. Of the 54 total protein isoforms identified by mass spectrometry, gene ontology processes for 38 unique serum proteins revealed involvement of acute phase response, coagulation, protein degradation, intermediary metabolism, and various carrier proteins. Elevated serum tumor necrosis factor-α from 24 to 48 h suggested a mild inflammatory response accompanied by increased antioxidant capability demonstrated by increased serum catalase activity. Antibody array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses also showed elevation in the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and the metalloprotease inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 during this same period of liver injury. This study demonstrates that serum proteome alterations probably reflect both liver damage and a concerted, complex response of the body for organ repair and recovery during acute hepatic injury.

The Holland and Andre Study on Extracurricular Activities: Imbalanced and Incomplete

The Holland and Andre study on extracurricular activities is imbalanced and incomplete—imbalanced in that because the authors fail to provide a theoretical framework as well as definitions of key terms, both of which would guide their presentation, the inclusion of research studies is skewed heavily toward one aspect of extracurricular activities; incomplete in that the authors fail to provide a literature review comprehensive enough to support the conclusions they draw. These shortcomings make it difficult to understand the relationship between extracurricular activities and student development and, thus, to have confidence in the authors’ recommendations for future research. We agree, however, on the importance of a research effort in this area.

Development of the physical education observation instrument using generalizability study theory.

Abstract In this exploratory study, the rater reliability of the Physical Education Observation Instrument (PEOI) was satisfactorily established. Three raters coded the frequency of occurrences of selective teacher (9) and student (4) behaviors and one catchall category when male teachers were instructing male pupils in volleyball. A 3 Rater × 3 Teacher × 2 Occasion Generalizability Study design indicated high stability of both inter- and intra-rater scores on 13 of 14 variables from Ěp 2 .65 to .99, establishing the appropriateness of the PEOI for further observational research on teacher and student behaviors in physical education.

Evidence for an antagonistic action of diazoxide at alpha-adrenergic receptors in rabbit aorta☆

Diazoxide has been shown to produce a greater shift in the dose-response curve to phenylephrine than to BaCl2 in rabbit aortic strips. The degree of antagonism of phenylephrine by a combination of phentolamine and diazoxide is comparable to what should be expected if diazoxide antagonizes phenylephrine both at the alpha receptors and beyond this level. The ability of diazoxide to protect alpha receptors against inactivation by phenoxybenzamine gives further evidence for an action of diazoxide at alpha receptors.

ON BLACK MEN'S DIMINISHING EXISTENCE IN ACADEME: AN INTROSPECTIVE VIEW

OVERVIEW The number of Black men earning doctorate degrees and teaching in the academy is dwindling. This chapter focuses on the relevance and existence of Black males in doctoral programs and in the professoriate as full-time tenured, tenure-tracked, assistant, associate, and full professors, and presents analogous data on the demography of these two groups. The author, a Black male professor at a majority White research institution, uses introspection as a foundational theme to illuminate this national data. Such self-analysis will serve to move readers beyond the statistics to the challenges that belie the meager numbers of Black male doctoral students and professors.