John Malinowski

Advances in construction techniques of AC induction motors preparation for super-premium efficiency levels

Design, material and production techniques are evolving on AC induction motors leading to improved efficiencies over older designs. IEEE 841 and even NEMA Premium/spl trade/ efficiency levels are now quite easy to meet and exceed. New research and production techniques will allow construction of AC motors with die cast copper rotors allowing even higher efficiency levels and greater longevity.

Review of upcoming changes to global motor efficiency regulations

On December 19, 2007, the Energy Efficiency and Security Act of 2007 was signed by President Bush. This law mandates upgraded electric motor efficiency beginning in 2010. Canada is expected to follow with a similar requirement beginning January 2011. Other countries are also mandating MEPS (Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards) for electric motors. In response to a need for leadership in the international motor efficiency arena, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) has responded by creating a new NEMA Premium® standard for the 50 Hz market. This paper will discuss the benefits of global NEMA efficiency standards and how end-users can now specify NEMA Premium motors as components of equipment built for use on their 50 Hz grid. The standard builds on the already highly accepted 60Hz standard that was established in 2001. The paper will include performance, test and construction considerations that were necessary to optimize motor features and efficiency in a 50 Hz application. This paper will also provide a status of NEMA Premium sales in the previous four years and joint activities with the Standards for Energy Efficiency of Electric Motor Systems (SEEEM) initiative.

Electrical and mechanical differences between NEMA/IEEE and IEC ac low voltage random wound induction motors

The primary standard for low voltage, random wound, induction motors in North American countries is National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG 1-2011. In some other countries, the governing standard is International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60034-1:2010. This paper compares performance, design and construction details of NEMA and IEC three phase, low voltage, random wound alternating current (AC) induction motors. Not only are there obvious mechanical mounting and dimensional differences, but design practices and electrical design norms are different as well. Users must recognize and provide for these variations as they manage projects in different parts of the world. Although testing standards have been fundamentally harmonized between IEEE, CSA and IEC in recent years, efficiency requirements in various countries are not uniform. Obtaining motors in compliance with common standards such as IEEE 841 or API 610 becomes difficult when considering IEC motor designs. This paper discusses the challenges that arise when trying to apply a NEMA based standard to an IEC motor design and vice versa.

Petrochemical standards a comparison between IEEE 841-2001, API 541 and API 547

Many motor users may be confused when it comes to calling out the appropriate standard or specification for their applications. Some standards are better suited to certain applications than others. By thoroughly understanding what each specification was developed for, the most appropriate standard can be chosen. This work discusses the IEEE 841-2001, API 541 4th edition, and API 547 standards, and provides guidance as to the applicability of each.

Review of upcoming motor and drive systems efficiency regulations in U.S. and Europe

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) issued new efficiency regulations in May of 2014 [1] for integral horsepower motors effective June 2016. This paper will provide an update on these new regulations for one (1) through 500 horsepower (HP) low voltage AC induction motors. The scope of coverage has been expanded to cover more configurations than in previous regulations. 56 frame enclosed motors are covered. Motor regulations for Canada and Mexico generally follow what is adopted in the U.S. Europe is updating succeeding regulations for LV motors (<;1000 Volts) and drive systems with an “extended product approach” from 0.12 through 1000 kW by 2018. Additionally, the DOE is studying pump, fan and compressor systems and how the efficiency can be regulated. We will provide an overview of the DOE proposals and the new European standard for efficient drive systems in case any users wish to follow and become involved with comments. This paper will review the motor and system efficiency regulations for the U.S. which are being issued by the DOE and also discuss extended product regulations under development by the European Union (EU).

Specifying Energy Efficient Motors in Industry Standards

Despite the promotions of energy-conscious organizations, premium efficient motors are not being specified by industry nor included in industry specifications. We propose that manufacturers of motors and drives, consultants and users who serve on industry standards committees make an effort to revise standards to include efficiency levels and call attention to life cycle costs relative to motors and drives.

Motor and Drive-System Efficiency Regulations: Review of Regulations in the United States and Europe

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE ) issu ed new efficiency regulations in May 2014 [1] for integral horsepower motors effective June 2016. This article will provide an update on these new regulations for 1-500-hp low-voltage (LV) ac induction motors. The scope of coverage has been expanded to cover more configurations than in previous regulations. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA ) 56 frame-enclosed motors are covered. Motor regulations for Canada and Mexico generally follow what is adopted in the United States. Europe is updating succeeding regulations for LV motors (&lt;1,000 V) and drive systems with an extended product approach from 0.12 to 1,000 kW by 2018. The DOE is also studying pump, fan, and compressor systems and how their efficiency can be regulated. We will provide an overview of the DOE proposals and the new European standard for efficient drive systems if any users wish to follow and become involved with comments. This article will review the motor and system efficiency regulations issued by the DOE and discuss extended product regulations under development by the European Union (EU).

Update on DOE extended product regulations — Pumps, fans & air compressors

The U.S. Department of Energy has regulated efficiency standards for electric motors since 1992. Recently they have begun the process of creating a rule to regulate the efficiency of motor driven systems - pumps, fans and air compressors. Significant energy can be saved with more efficient systems than by regulating components alone. These regulations are expected to have wide-ranging effect on the products that are available in the market. Pump systems have been studied and a final rule for pump testing was issued on January 26, 2016. The group studying the fan regulations has also started to discuss and a ruling is expected towards the end of 2016. The air compressor regulation is in process, lagging the fan rule by nearly one year and could be addressed in a future paper. Each of these rules is expected to go into effect in approximately five years after publication of their final rule. In parallel, IEC has been working on a system efficiency standard that will cover all types of systems and applications.

Electrical and mechanical differences between NEMA and IEC AC low voltage random wound induction motors

The primary standard for low voltage, random wound, induction motors in North American countries is National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) MG 1-2011. In some other countries, the governing standard is International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60034-1:2010. This paper compares performance, design and construction details of NEMA and IEC three phase, low voltage, random wound alternating current (AC) induction motors. Not only are there obvious mechanical mounting and dimensional differences, but design practices and electrical design norms are different as well. Users must recognize and provide for these variations as they manage projects in different parts of the world. Although testing standards have been fundamentally harmonized between IEEE, CSA and IEC in recent years, efficiency requirements in various countries are not uniform. Obtaining motors in compliance with common standards such as IEEE 841 or API 610 becomes difficult when considering IEC motor designs. This paper discusses the challenges that arise when trying to apply a NEMA based standard to an IEC motor design and vice versa.

Adoption of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007

On December 19, 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 was signed by President Bush. This law mandates upgraded electric motor efficiency beginning in 2010. Canada is expected to follow with a similar requirement beginning January 2011. Other countries are also mandating MEPS (Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards) for electric motors.