John Stillwell

Planning Support Systems in Practice

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Geographical information systems for urban and regional planning

I Geographical Information Systems and Planning.- 1 Geographical information systems: the emerging requirements.- 2 The application of geographical information systems in urban and regional planning.- 3 Growth of geographical information system applications in developing countries.- II Data Management.- 4 Intelligent information systems for accessing planning databases: the San Francisco experience.- 5 Geographical information systems database design: experiences of the Dutch National Physical Planning Agency.- III Urban Planning Applications.- 6 Information management within the planning process.- 7 Fixed asset management and geographical information systems in the Netherlands.- 8 Geographic information system development in Tacoma.- IV Decision Support Systems for Land Use Plannng.- 9 Regional planning for new housing in Randstad Holland.- 10 Geographical information system applications in environmental impact assessment.- 11 A geographical information system based decision support system for environmental zoning.- 12 Multicriteria analysis and geographical information systems: an application to agricultural land use in the Netherlands.- V Spatial Analysis, Modelling and Decision Support.- 13 The application of geographical information systems in the spatial analysis of crime.- 14 Spatial analysis and geographical information systems: a review of progress and possibilities.- 15 Geographical information systems and model based analysis: towards effective decision support systems.- 16 Decision support and geographical information systems.- VI Education and Management.- 17 Education in geographical information systems.- 18 How to cope with geographical information systems in your organisation.- VII Developments in Hardware and Software.- 19 Geoprocessing and geographic information system hardware and software: looking toward the 1990s.- 20 Geographical information systems and visualization.- VIII Information Based Societies.- 21 Geographical information systems in perspective.- References.- Color plates.

Planning support systems: an inventory of current practice

Abstract Planning support systems are a subset of computer-based geo-information instruments, each of which incorporates a unique suite of components that planners can utilise to explore and manage their particular activities. The components may include data sets, computer algorithms and display facilities, as well as more abstract theoretical constructs, knowledge and modelling capabilities. PSS are used to support the planning process by communicating information as well as by generating solutions. An Internet-based inventory was established in 2000–2001 to identify the existence and use of PSS in planning practice worldwide. In this paper we take a closer look at the instruments recorded in the inventory and some of their main characteristics. Some recommendations are made for the development and application of PSS in the future.

Modelling land-use change : progress and applications

Contributing Authors,- Preface,- Acknowledgements,- Modelling land-use change: Eric Koomen and John Stillwell,- Part I: Analysis of land-use trends and their driving forces,- Land-use change at cadastral parcel level in Albania: Louisa J.M. Jansen et al,- Driving forces of landscape change in the urbanizing Limmat Valley, Switzerland: Anna M. Hersperger and Matthias Burgi,- Landscape Changes in the Israeli Carmel Area: Michael Sonis et al ,- New land-use development processes associated with the acceleration of urbanisation in China: Zhi-Gang Wu et al,- Part II: Explanatory models of land-use change: Driving forces of land-use change in a cultural landscape of Spain: Juan Pena et al,- Empirically derived probability maps to downscale aggregated land-use data: Nicolas Dendoncker et al,- A spatial interaction model for agricultural uses: Joana Goncalves and Tomaz Dentinho,- Part III: Optimisation modelling: Spatial Optimisation in land-use allocation problems: Willem Loonen et al,- Sustainable land-use and water management in mountain ecosystems: Subrata K Mandal,- GeneticLand: modelling land-use change using evolutionary algorithms: Julia Seixaset al,- Part IV: Incorporation of new modelling approaches: Microsimulation of metropolitan employment deconcentration: Daniel Felsenstein et al,- Simulation of polycentric urban growth dynamics through agents: Wolfgang Loibl et al,- PUMA: multi-agent modelling of urban systems: Dick Ettema et al,- Integrating cellular automata and regional dynamics using GIS: Kampanart Piyathamrongchai and Michael Batty,- Part V: Operational land-use simulation models: A land-use modelling system for environmental impact assessment: Judith Borsboom-van Beurden et al,- The MOLAND modelling framework for urban and regional land-use dynamics: Guy Engelen et al,- Dynamic simulation of land-use change trajectories with the CLUE-s model: Peter H. Verburg and Koen P. Overmars,- Part VI: Land-use simulation for policyanalysis: Beyond growth? Decline of the urban fabric in Eastern Germany: Dagmar Haase et al,- Land-use Simulation for water management: Jasper Dekkers and Eric Koomen,- GIS-based modelling of land-use systems: Patrick Sheridanet al,- Appendix,- Index.

Geographical information and planning

Preface Introduction JOHN STILLWELL, STAN GEERTMAN AND STAN OPENSHAW Developments in Geographical Information and Planning Part I: Urban Planning and Design IAN MASSER AND HENK OTTENS Urban Planning and Geographic Information Systems MICHAEL BATTY, MARTIN DODGE, BIN JIANG AND ANDY SMITH Geographical Information Systems and Urban Design Part II: Physical and Land Use Planning STAN GEERTMAN Geographical Information Technology and Strategic Physical Planning GUY ENGELEN, STAN GEERTMAN, PETRA SMITS AND COEN WESSELS Dynamic GIS and Strategic Physical Planning Support: A Practical Application HENK J. SCHOLTEN, ROB VAN DE VELDE, PIET RIETVELD AND MAARTEN HILFERINK Spatial Information Infrastructure for Scenario Planning: The Development of a Land Use Planner for Holland ERIC RAPAPORT AND FOLKE SNICKARS GIS-based Road Location in Sweden: A Case Study to Minimize Environmental Damage, Building Costs and Travel Time ILYA ZASLAVSKY AND NAUM NAIMARK Development of the Urban Planning Cadastre in Russia MICHEL BERNARD AND PHILIPPE MIELLET Geographical Information and GIS in French Planning Part III: Environmental Planning CHRISTOPHE CLARAMUNT, CHRISTINE PARENT, STEFANO SPACCAPIETRA AND MARIUS THRIAULT Database Modelling for Environmental and Land Use Changes DAVID KIDNER, ANDREW SPARKES AND MARK DOREY GIS and Wind Farm Planning ADRIAN MCDONALD, JIM FOSTER, ANDY SMITH AND HARRIET CANDY GIS Applications in the Water Industry JEAN-PAUL DONNAY Use of Remote Sensing Information in Planning Part IV: Socio-economic Planning JOHN STILLWELL AND COLIN WINNETT Geographic Intelligence for Regional Planning DAVID MARTIN The Use of GIS in Census Planning SERAPHIM ALVANIDES AND STAN OPENSHAW Zone Design for Planning and Policy Analysis JOHN STILLWELL AND ROBERT LANGLEY Information and Planning in the Education Sector MARTIN CLARKE GIS and Strategic Business Planning MANFRED FISCHER Intelligent GI Analysis Part V: Geographical Information and Planning on the Internet STEVE CARVER AND ROBERT PECKHAM Using GIS on the Internet for Planning CRISTINA GOUVEIA AND ANTONIO CAMARA Multimedia and Urban Planning CHRISTINE LEIGH, PETER DEW, RICHARD DREW AND JAYNE CURSON Integrated Information Directory Services: Facilitating the Transfer and Exploitation of Science and Technology on the World Wide Web Future Developments STAN OPENSHAW Geocyber Planning in the Digital Democracy of 2099 Acronyms Bibliography Figures Tables Contributors

Modelling Land-Use Change

This first chapter explains some of the basic theoretical ideas, concepts and methodologies that underpin the modelling of land-use change. It represents an overview of the types of approaches that have been adopted by researchers hitherto. It also provides a rationale for the structure of the book and a synopsis of the contents that follow.

Population migration in the European Union

This collection of studies by various authors aims to provide a comprehensive picture of migration flows and their influence on population redistribution within each of the countries of the European Union prior to 1995. The book is divided into three sections. The first section examines international migration patterns from east-west and north-south perspectives migration within the European Union and asylum seeking. The second section concerns national perspectives; there are chapters on Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain France Ireland Italy the Netherlands Portugal and the United Kingdom. The third section examines the impact of migration on population developments in the European Union and includes papers on migration policy and population projections.

Diversity and Change: Understanding the Ethnic Geographies of Leeds

There has been an ongoing national debate over the causes and consequences of the evolution of patterns of residence of ethnic minority populations in British cities. This has gained particular prominence since the publication of the Cantle Report, which highlighted ethnic segregation as one of the causes underlying the racialised disturbances in certain northern cities in 2001. In this paper, the geographies of ethnic populations are identified in Leeds, a northern city affected by minor disturbances within its multi-ethnic inner-city. A newly developed set of ‘community areas’ is used to examine the extent to which specific ethnic minority groups are spatially concentrated within the city. The analysis focuses upon Leeds’ South Asian population, highlighting the spatial diversity of sub-groups within it and contrasting their geographies with those of other ethnic groups. Change between 1991 and 2001 is examined in inner Leeds at ward level, where geographical boundaries have remained consistent; evidence is found for deconcentration. Thereafter, each of the main forces responsible for shaping the patterns of ethnic settlement is considered in more detail, drawing on data from a survey of South Asian households in the city.

Planning Support Systems: An Introduction

This introductory chapter begins with an initial discussion of some of the trends that have characterised planning in recent years and that provide the context for the development and application of Planning Support Systems (PSS). Given the focus of the book on demonstrating the application of PSS in practice, it was necessary to create an inventory of systems either in prototype form or in use in different planning environments. Many of the entries in the inventory have been extended into more detailed contributions for this book. The latter part of the chapter is devoted to outlining the structure of the book and its contents.

Planning Support Systems for Sustainable Urban Development

Since its introduction, geographic information science has witnessed a tremendous growth and can build on enormous achievements (e.g. Cheng et al. 2012). Current geographic information systems and the decision support systems and models that have been accompanying these systems have a strong ‘geography’ identity, typical of the era in which geographic information system were introduced. Systems are mostly based on spatial entities (mostly grids or polygons). To the extent that commercial and open source geographic information systems have been enriched with models, a similar strong geographic flavor can be discerned. Most models of spatial choice behavior are related to the aggregate spatial interaction models, models of land use change are often based on cellular automata. The question then becomes whether dominant spatial decision support systems, fundamentally based on aggregate spatial interaction, cellular automata and similar models, are suitable for adequately predicting consumer response. We content that in light of the increasing complexity of the decision making process and increasing personalization of decisions and lifestyles, these systems and their underlying models have increasingly become inadequate and obsolete. The field should shift to the development of more integral microscopic models of choice behavior, allowing more integral policy performance assessments. Moreover, mobile computing should allow and stimulate the development of real-time information and decision support systems that support the management of urban functions and include persuasive computing. Uncertainty analysis should play an integral role in these developments. This chapter is an expanded and elaborated version of the keynote address, delivered by Timmermans at the 13th CUPUM Conference in Utrecht, July 3, 2013. S. Rasouli H. Timmermans (&) Urban Planning Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands e-mail: h.j.p.timmermans@tue.nl S. Geertman et al. (eds.), Planning Support Systems for Sustainable Urban Development, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37533-0_2, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 19