Joice Melo Vieira

Transição para a vida adulta no Brasil: análise comparada entre 1970 e 2000

The transition to adult life is a key phase in young person’s life. It is a phase marked by important changes in status, such as the passage from student to worker, from dependent member of a household to the head of a family, from single to married person and from child to parent. By applying a new methodology which measures changes in the structure of a person’s life course, developed by researchers associated with IUSSP, the transition to adult life in Brazil in two different periods, 1970 and 2000, was compared. The subjects were classified according to per capita household income, household situation and gender. In synthesis, the technique - known as analysis of entropy of status combinations of synthetic cohorts - consists of constructing indexes that combine the proportion of persons of a given age who attend school, have a job, and have or have not set up a family. Based on the findings, it is possible to identify when the transition to adult life begins and ends, and when it reaches a peak. The graphic resource makes it possible to visualize that, starting from the ages closest to childhood (when most people are located in a very characteristic status combination: student, does not work, is dependent on the household, without conjugal experience and without children), toward adolescence/youth, at some point the entropy index increases significantly. This represents a change in status and is an indication of the beginning of the passage to adult life. This article explores the inequalities in temporal milestones and in the length of the transition to adult life of young people of different income levels, according to gender.

Era uma vez... Esta pode ser a sua história

The objetive of that paper is to analise how the adoption is retracted in same books for children. The literary text is considered as an important etnographic document qualified for to clear cultural elements presents in way how the people live and think the childrens adoption. What familys ideal permeates social imaginary, as those books are at one time product and agent of difusion/repruduction? Texts and pictures pesents in those books received even attention. Verified that the histories have same basec struture. Adoption is reported submerged at ideal atmosphere of affection, acceptation and no conflict.

Fifty Years of Gender and Generational Relations in Brazil: Changes and Continuities

This chapter gathers evidence and interpretations regarding demographic changes within the broad and complex process of transformation in the life of Brazilian families since the second half of the twentieth century. Social transformations were both cause and consequence of profound changes in the demographic system, especially after the 1960s. The main demographic factors affecting private life – mortality, fertility, and marriage rates – reflect the increasingly multifaceted conformation of contemporary families, especially those housing children under the age of 15. There is evidence of a growing heterogeneity of family arrangements resulting from a convergence toward low fertility levels across all social groups. Increased plurality does not mean loss of relevance of the nuclear family model, especially when raising children. The information used is derived mostly from demographic censuses since 1970. The historical series of demographic censuses display significant achievements for the public and private lives of the Brazilian citizens and, at the same time, help us understand a country with a long path ahead in overcoming inequalities. Concerning families, the recognition of their plural and metamorphic condition in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution – and reiterated by subsequent laws – sets the tone of the force, intensity, and speed of changes addressed in this chapter.

Consensual Union and Marriage in Brazil, 1970–2010. Gender Equality, Legal Issues and Social Context

In Brazil as elsewhere in Latin America, consensual union has become common over the last decades, in the working class and also in the middle class. However, unlike in most other countries in the region, under current Brazilian law, most of the civil effects of marriage apply to consensual union. This isat odds with consensual union being an alternative form of conjugal union in which a presumably egalitarian couple manage their own affairs without the intervention of the state. We study the choice between marriage and consensual union in the Brazilian context, where both forms of conjugal union are used by the working and middle classes but with different meanings in each stratum, and the effect of gender equality and women’s economic independence on this choice. We focus on three aspects of within-couple gender equality: income equality, educational equality and economic equality. We estimate the effects of these factors on the probability of living in a consensual union rather than being married among couples who live together at the time of the census, using data from the five Brazilian censuses carried out between 1970 and 2010. Results show that income equality increases the probability of living in a consensual union, while income level reduces it – both in a qualified way. This is consistent with and goes beyond previous research which suggested that consensual union and marriage have different meanings for the working and middle classes, with marriage as a marker of upward mobility for the working class, and consensual union as progressive in the middle class. Overall, our results suggest that in the Brazilian legal context, where the law imposes by default upon marriage as well as consensual union the statutory matrimonial regime in which all acquisitions are deemed common, and where married couples may opt to organize their economic relations under different legal property regimes, marriage may be almost as effective a framework as consensual union for the economic independence of the partners.