Jonathan H. Turner

Social Theory Today

Introduction: Anthony Giddens and Jonathan H. Turner. 1. The Centrality of the Classics:. Jeffrey C. Alexander. 2. Behaviourism and After:. George C. Homans. 3. Symbolic Interactionism:. Hans Joas. 4. Parsonian Theory Today:. In Search of a New Synthesis: Richard Munch. 5. Analytical Theorizing:. Jonathan H. Turner. 6. Structuralism, Post--Structuralism and the Production of Culture: Anthony Giddens. 7. Ethnomethodology:. John C. Heritage. 8. Structuration Theory and Social Praxis:. Ira J. Cohen. 9. World--Systems Analysis:. Immanuel Wallerstein. 10. Class Analysis: Ralph Miliband. 11. Critical Theory: Axel Honneth. 12. Sociology and the Mathematical Method: Thomas P. Wilson. Index.

Handbook of the sociology of emotions

Introduction.- Section I: Basic Processes.- The Classification of Emotions.- The Neuroscience of Emotions.- Gender and Emotions.- Section II: Theories.- Power and Status and the Power-Status Theory of Emotions.- Cultural Theory and Emotions.- Ritual Theory and Emotions.- Symbolic Interactionism, Inequality, and Emotions.- Affect Control Theory.- Identity Theory and Emotions.- Self-Theory and Emotions.- Emotion-Based Self Theory.- Psychoanalytic Sociological Theories and Emotion.- Social Exchange Theory and Emotions.- Emotion in Justice Processes.- Expectation States Theory and Emotion.- Evolutionary Theory and Emotions.- Section III: Select Emotions.- Love.- Jealousy and Envy.- Empathy.- Sympathy.- Anger.- Grief.- Moral Emotions.- Section IV: Emotions in Social Live.- Emotions in the Workplace.- Emotions and Health.- Emotions and Social Movements.

TOWARD A SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY OF MOTIVATION

Bringing motivational dynamics back into the mainstream of sociological theory and research requires an examination of how the early theoretical legacy was incorporated in five of the most eclectic approaches in contemporary theorizing on social interaction. The paper analyzes (1) the incorporation of utilitarian and behaviorist theories into exchange theory, (2) the transformation of Meads social behaviorism into interactionist theory, (3) the evolution of Schutzs phenomenology into ethnomethodological theory, (4) the blending of Freuds psychoanalytic approach with elements of interactionist and phenomenological theory in structuration theory, and (5) the combining of Durkheims structuralism with ethnomethodology and interactionism in interaction-ritual theory. For each of these five theories, the underlying and largely implicit theory of motivation is schematically modeled. Then, a composite of all the models is constructed in an effort to present a provisional theory of interpersonal motivation.

The Sociology of Emotions: Basic Theoretical Arguments

In this article, the basic sociological approaches to theorizing human emotions are reviewed. In broad strokes, theorizing can be grouped into several schools of thought: evolutionary, symbolic interactionist, symbolic interactionist with psychoanalytic elements, interaction ritual, power and status, stratification, and exchange. All of these approaches to theorizing emotions have generated useful insights into the dynamics of emotions. There remain, however, unresolved issues in sociological approaches to emotions, including: the nature of emotions, the degree to which emotions are hard-wired neurological or socially constructed, the relevance of analyzing the biology and evolution of emotions, the relationship between cognition and emotions, the number of distinctive emotional states produced by humans, and the relationship between emotions and rationality.

TOWARD AN INTEGRATED THEORY OF GENDER STRATIFICATION

Determinants of gender stratification range through every institutional sphere and every level of sociological analysis. An integrated theory is presented which charts the connections and feedbacks among three main blocks of causal factors and two blocks of outcomes. The GENDER ORGANIZATION OF PRODUCTION block includes the degree of compatibility between productive and reproductive labor, and determinants of the gender segregation of productive labor (including flows from other blocks). The GENDER ORGANIZATION OF REPRODUCTION includes demographic conditions, the social control of reproductive technologies, and the class and gender organization of parenting. SEXUAL POLITICS includes historical variations in family alliance politics, erotic status markets, and violent male groups. On the outcome side, GENDER RESOURCE MOBILIZATION centers on gender income and property, household organization, sexual coercion, and the distinctiveness of gender cultures. GENDER CONFLICTS involve the conditions for both gender movements and counter-movements, which feed back into the prior blocks of causal conditions. Despite rises in womens gender resources in recent decades, it is likely that gender conflicts will go on in new forms. An integrated theory makes it possible to examine alternative scenarios and policies of change in gender stratification of the future.

Toward a General Sociological Theory of Emotions

Key ideas from expectation-states theory, symbolic interactionism, dramaturgical analysis, power-status theories, attribution theory, and psychoanalytic theories are combined in an effort to generate a more general theory of emotional arousal in face-to-face interaction. The level of emotional arousal in interaction is seen to reflect the degree of incongruity between expectations, including expectations for confirmation of self, and actual experiences. Such arousal involves the conversion of primary emotions into first and second-order combinations. The nature of emotional arousal is, however, further complicated by the activation of defense mechanisms and attribution processes. The composite theory is formalized into a series of propositions which can serve as hypotheses for empirical tests.

The institutional order : economy, kinship, religion, polity, law, and education in evolutionary and comparative perspective

1.The Institutional Structure of Society. 2.Economy. 3.Economy in Institutional Context. 4.Kinship. 5.Kinship in Institutional Context. 6.Religion. 7.Religion in Institutional Context. 8.Polity. 9.Polity in Institutional Context. 10.Law. 11.Law in Institutional Context. 12.Education. 13.Education in Institutional Context. 14.Fundamental Interchanges in the Institutional Order.

In Defense of Positivism

propositions which can serve as an inducement to raise the level of abstraction of empiricallv laden statements. Conversely, middle range theories can potentially be one vehicle by which more abstract propositions-say, on conflict processes-are attached to specific empirical issues, such as ethnic conflict. Thus, middle range theories can become part of the deductive calculus of a formal theoretical system. Finally, research generalizations and causal modeling of empirical variables can help test the implications of formal theories. They become the lowest order generalizations in the deductive system of formal theory. They might also stimulate inductive efforts to develop more abstract propositions of greater scope, but as I indicated earlier, I have my doubts if this will occur. In sum, I think that sociology has avoided the one kind of theorizing that can cumulate knowledge. We have either retreated up into the meta-theoretical stratosphere or buried ourselves under mounds of raw data. We have, in other words, avoided being positivists. We have collected myriads of facts and i terpretations of them, and we have created numerous grand schemes and typologies. Robert Merton (1968) saw this some time ago in his advocacy for 29 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.17 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 05:41:55 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms theories of one middle range, but he loaded the dice toward more data collection. I think that we ought to go back to Comte, get comfortable in our armchairs once again, and start theorizing. For only when theorists begin to develop abstract principles and analytical models about invariant and timeless properties of the social universe can sociology hope to cumulate knowledge about human action, interaction, and organization.

Herbert Spencer : a renewed appreciation

Herbert Spencer The Enigma and Stigma The Earlier Rules of the Sociological Method The First General Systems Theorist The First Functionalist The Analytical Models and Abstract Principles Spencers Human Area Relations Files The Creation of Society Spencer on Domestic Institutions The Micro Basis of Society Spencer on Ceremony Power and Class Spencer on Political Institutions The Elementary and Complex Forms of Religious Life Spencer on Ecclesiastical Institutions Economy and Society Spencer on Industrial Institutions

MUST SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY AND SOCIOLOGICAL PRACTICE BE SO FAR APART?: A Polemical Answer

It is argued that sociological theory and its applications to real world problems should constitute the core of the discipline. Yet, the notion of “socioligical practice” is abandoned in favor of a more rigorous application of sociological theory and research to engineering applications. Sociology should redefine and reorient its practive to create an engineering dicipline where abstract theoretical principles are boiled down to rules of thumb and used to build or tear down social structures. By adopting an engineering orientation, sociological thoery and research will be more focused and useful.