Jonathon W. Moses

If People were Money

‘If people were money … ’: this is the provocative title to Robert Goodin’s opening salvo in an edited collection entitled Free Movement. In raising this hypothetical question, Goodin’s intent (and that of the edited volume that followed) was to provoke a moral debate about the way in which the developed world has been inconsistent in prioritizing international financial capital mobility while limiting international labour mobility.

Exit, vote and sovereignty: migration, states and globalization

Abstract In this article I introduce a framework for understanding the political effects of globalization on labor. While the globalization literature is rife with references to the effects of sovereignty from global trade and capital networks, there is surprisingly little written about the effects of increased labor mobility on national sovereignty. To fill this void, I adapt Albert Hirschmans (1970) model to examine how exit might affect national voice in the context of free international migration. This adapted framework generates concrete expectations about how increased mobility affects both internal and external conceptions of sovereignty. In particular, increased mobility is shown to improve the responsiveness of governments to citizen demands. Thus, in contrast to the general consensus that labor/voters benefit least from increased globalization, I suggest that the problem facing labor is not globalization, per se. In a world characterized by relatively free mobility for other factors of production (and their owners), labor/voters appear to be handicapped by being prisoners of territory.

Globalization, Europeanization and the end of Scandinavian social democracy?

List of tables and figures Acknowledgements Notes on the contributors Introduction PART I: ECONOMIC POLICY Europeanization and the Crisis of Scandinavian Social Democracy Bad Timing Recommodification, Credit Reform and Crises of Coordination in Norway and Sweden in the 1980s and 1990s Floating Fortunes: Scandinavian Full Employment in the Tumultous 1970s-1980s PART II: WELFARE STATE AND SOCIAL POLICY Social Democratic Welfare States in a Global Economy: Scandinavia in Comparative Perspective Equality and Swedish Social Democracy: The Impact of Globalization and Europeanization Europeanization and the Scandinavian Model: Securing Borders and Defending Monopolies PART III: SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Just Say No! Norwegian Social Democrats and the European Union The Impact of Globalization and European Integration on the Danish Social Democratic Party Making Peace with the Union? The Swedish Social Democratic Party and European Integration Reference Index

Leaving Poverty Behind: A Radical Proposal for Developing Bangladesh Through Emigration

This article argues that the most efficient way of developing Bangladesh is to encourage more emigration. This argument is made in three steps: (i) proposing that 10% of the population be encouraged to emigrate to member states in the Bangladeshi Aid Consortium; (ii) outlining the anticipated costs; and (iii) describing the anticipated gains, which in the light of any feasible alternative, and when contrasted with the relatively meagre costs, are phenomenal and encouraging. By providing individual Bangladeshis with such an opportunity the hopes of the millions remaining behind are strengthened.

The social democratic predicament in the emerging European Union: A capital dilemma1

Abstract This article models the social democratic predicament in two stages. First, the corporatist bargaining arrangement familiar to Nordic social democracies is sketched in simple game terms. With highly centralized collective bargaining arrangements, successful policy outcomes can be understood as solutions to something akin to a prisoners’ dilemma problem. The government plays a guarantors role in this capital‐closed economy game, using traditional macroeconomic policies to help secure co‐operative, Pareto efficient, solutions. The second stage introduces (financial) capital mobility. With increased capital mobility, traditional macroeconomic policies are shown to be less efficient, jeopardizing the ability of governments to induce co‐operative equilibrium. While the models are designed with the Nordic social democracies in mind, the author generalizes about their utility for describing the fate of other industrialized economies in an increasingly integrated regional and international economy.

Inside Out: Globalization and the Reorganization of Foreign Affairs Ministries

This paper aims to provoke a discussion about the ineffectiveness and redundancies associated with current institutional arrangements for conducting foreign affairs. Our argument is made in three steps. First, we examine current institutional frameworks for foreign policy. Second, we explain how changing global conditions undermine the basic assumptions that support those institutional frameworks. Finally, we offer a radical alternative for restructuring the institutions responsible for foreign affairs. This alternative replaces the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with a smaller (coordinating) Bureau of Foreign Affairs, allowing professional competence to be developed within existing sectoral ministries of government. Though our argument is a general one, we illustrate the argument with reference to the Norwegian case.

Floating Fortunes: Scandinavian Full Employment in the Tumultuous 1970s–1980s

Changes in the international economy have had enormous consequences for the European project in general and the social democratic project in particular. The increased mobility of financial capital provides an impetus for cooperation at the regional/supranational level and pressure to redesign economic policies at the national level. This chapter will argue that these changes in the international economy have undermined the most significant policy instruments used by social democratic countries to secure full employment in the past. In particular, I suggest that devaluations, collective bargaining institutions and government support policies were instrumental in defining an autonomous or unique social democratic economic policy path to full employment.

Trojan horses: Putnam, ECU linkage and the EU ambitions of Nordic elites

This article argues that the decision by Nordic elites to link their respective currencies to an ECU basket is consistent with a Trojan horse strategy for membership in the European Union. After altemative explanations for ECU linkage are tested, the article shows how Nordic elites used their control over exchange rate regime choices to facilitate greater EU participation, in spite of the hesitancy voiced by domestic constituents. In order to make the argument, Putnams two-level metaphor is amended to accommodate a bargaining situation where negotiators have independent policy preferences. This amended model provides seven lessons for negotiators willing to manipulate win-set contours with an eye toward affecting public support. These lessons are then juxtaposed with the Nordic decisions to link their currencies to an ECU basket. The article concludes that ECU linkage can be explained in terms of, and is consistent with, a strategy based on the EU ambitions of Nordic political elites.

Emigration and political development: exploring the national and international nexus

Most contemporary work on migration and development focuses on economic development. Whether it is work on how internal migration affects a country’s modernization or the sundry studies that have examined how remittances from international migration contribute to economic development in the sending countries, scholars are increasingly aware of the important role that migration can play, and has played, in economic development. The effects of emigration or out-migration on political development are less well understood. This article introduces an argument for why we should expect significant emigration and/or out-migration to influence political development in a sending country or region. This argument is then explored in three different contexts: by examining the effects of international migration over time; by looking at the experiences of a handful of contemporary states; and by considering the political effects of internal (inter-province) migration in today’s China. These studies suggest that if a significantly large proportion of an area’s population leaves, it forces political authorities to adjust in ways that facilitate political development.

The American Century? Migration and the Voluntary Social Contract

This piece argues that free migration was a central if implicit part of the liberal social contract and that America’s founders were both aware of this and exploited it to legitimate their new state. The piece begins by describing this uniquely American contribution to liberal political thought. It then juxtaposes this contribution against the nature of our own international order, to show just how foreign the American Century has become. The piece closes with a short depiction of what an American Century would look like today—were it true to this early ideal—and comments on its feasibility.