Jong-Ahm Shin

Porphyra migitae sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from Japan

Kikuchi N., Arai S., Yoshida G., Shin J.-A., Broom J.E., Nelson W.A. and Miyata M. 2010. Porphyra migitae sp. nov. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from Japan. Phycologia 49: 345–354. DOI: 10.2216/09-82.1 A new species of Porphyra, Porphyra migitae sp. nov., coloured fire red and collected subtidally in two localities in Japan, is described based on morphology, life history and molecular analyses. The new species can be distinguished from other fire-red coloured Porphyra species by a range of characters including the presence of conchospores and many archeospores and neutral spores on foliose thalli. Foliose thalli, which are sometimes lobed, are monoecious, and clearly distinguishable patches of spermatangial sori are not formed. Many holes are formed on the foliose thalli after release of spermatia. This species has a heteromorphic life history in which the macroscopic gametophytic foliose thalli alternate with the microscopic sporophytic filamentous thalli (conchocelis). In addition, the life history includes additional reproductive cycles of the foliose thalli via archeospores and neutral spores. This species has the widest range of asexual reproductive strategies so far observed in the Bangiales. Molecular phylogenies based on both the nuclear SSU rDNA and the rbcL genes enable this species to be distinguished from other species of Porphyra for which there are equivalent data.

Cryopreservation of the gametophytic cells of laminariales (Phaeophyta) in liquid nitrogen

The gametophytic cells of six species of Laminariales, Laminaria japonica Areschoug, L. longissima Miyabe, Kjellmaniella crassifolia Miyabe, Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura, E. kurome Okamura, and Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, were subjected to cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. The cells were suspended in various cryoprotective solutions and slowly cooled to –40°C over a period of 4 h. After this slow cooling step, the suspensions were immediately immersed in liquid nitrogen. All the species of Laminariaceae used in the present study survived maximally in a mixture of ethylene glycol and proline. On the other hand, the gametophytic cells of Undaria pinnatifida, a member of the Alariaceae, survived maximally in the mixture of glycerol and proline. The viability of the thawed gametophytic cells decreased during postthawing incubation. The decrease in viability continued for 4–6 days, and the minimum levels ranged from 36.2% to 67.2%. After 4–6 days of incubation, the percentage viability of all strains began to increase due to the renewal of cell division.

CLASSIFICATION OF THE GENUS ISHIGE (ISHIGEALES, PHAEOPHYCEAE) IN THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN WITH RECOGNITION OF ISHIGE FOLIACEA BASED ON PLASTID rbcl AND MITOCHONDRIAL cox3 GENE SEQUENCES1

The taxonomy and biogeography of a genus with species that occur in geographically isolated regions is interesting. The brown algal genus Ishige Yendo is a good example, with species that apparently inhabit warm regions of both the northwestern and northeastern Pacific Ocean. We determined the sequences of mitochondrial cox3 and plastid rbcL genes from specimens of the genus collected over its distributional range. Analyses of the 86 cox3 and 97 rbcL sequences resulted in congruent trees in which Ishige sinicola (Setch. et N. L. Gardner) Chihara consisted of two distinct clades: one comprising samples from Korea and Japan, and the other comprising samples from the Gulf of California. Additional observations of the morphology and anatomy of the specimens agree with the molecular data. On the basis of results, we reinstated Ishige foliacea S. Okamura (considered a synonym of I. sinicola from the Gulf of California) for plants from the northwest Pacific region and designated a specimen in the Yendo Herbarium (SAP) as the lectotype. I. foliacea is distinguished by large (up to 20 cm) and wide (up to 20 mm) thalli, with a cortex of 4–7 cells, and a medulla composed of long, tangled hyphal cells. Both cox3 and rbcL sequence data strongly support the sister‐area relationship between the northwest Pacific region and the Gulf of California. A likely explanation for this pattern would be the presence of a species ancestral to contemporary species of Ishige in both regions during the paleogeological period, with descendants later isolated by distance.

Cryopreservation of Sporothalli of the Genus Porphyra (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from Korea

Cryopreservation of sporothalli of the red alga Porphyra (P. seriata, P. yezoensis, P. tenera, P. pseudolinearis and P. dentata) was performed by the two-step cooling method in liquid nitrogen. The algal samples were suspended in various cryoprotective solutions, and slowly cooled to -40 in 4 hours using a programmed freezer. After the first slow cooling the suspensions with cryoprotectants were immediately immersed in liquid nitrogen. The suspension from the programmed freezer was thawed quickly by agitation of the vial in a water bath at 40°C. When ice in the suspension of cryogenic vial was mostly melted, the vial was transferred to an ice bath for complete melting of the residual ice. The cryoprotectants in the vial were washed off by gradual dilution with seawater. The viability of the cell was assessed with neutral red staining. The viability of Porphyra samples ranged 54.6-70.9% when the mixed suspension of 10% dimethylsulfoxide and 0.5 M sorbitol in 50% seawater used as a cryoprotectant.

Morphology and Life History of Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch (Goniotrichales, Rhodophyta) from Japan

The morhology and life history of Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch from Japan were investigated. The species had multiseriate erect thalli from a basal cell. The thalli usually branched dichotomously, occasionally trichotomously near the base, and non-branched thalli were sometimes observed. A dichotomous branch on the upper portion near the base occurred only one time on each erect branch. Cells contained a stellate chloroplast, which was composed of a central rounded part with an obscure pyrenoid and 5-8 cup-like lobes connected to the central part by a small thin stipe. The biseriate part was observed on the six-celled stage in culture, and the grown thalli were multiseriate except for base and apices. Monospores forming from the immediate transformation of vegetative cells were observed. Thalli grew at 15-25 and died at 10 and 30. The fastest growth and maturation were observed under 25 and 14L:10D. Although S. alsidii (Zanardini) Drew usually had uniseriate thalli, irregularly branched multiseriate thalli had been reported in cultures. It is possible that in the previous report the thalli were confused with S. cornu-cervi. In this report, S. cornu-cervi were distinguished from S. alsidii in that the branches were few, the multiseriate portions were observed on the early stage (six-celled stage), and the grown thalli were multiseriate except at the base and apices.

Porphyrostromium japonicum (Tokida) Kikuchi comb. nov. (Erythropeltidales, Rhodophyta) from Japan

Kikuchi N. and Shin J.-A. 2011. Porphyrostromium japonicum (Tokida) Kikuchi comb. nov. (Erythropeltidales, Rhodophyta) from Japan. Phycologia 50: 122–131. DOI: 10.2216/10-06.1 The morphology and life history of Erythrotrichia japonica Tokida (Erythropeltidales, Rhodophyta) from Japan have been investigated, and its taxonomic placement is discussed. The monospores released from the field-collected erect foliose thalli grew into discoid bases that produced many erect foliose thalli similar to field thalli within 3 d. Vegetative cells of the middle to upper portion of erect thalli divided into two unequal cells, and the smaller pale cell was released as a spermatium at 15–20°C. Spermatia attached to cells of foliose thalli allowing for fertilisation. Presumed zygotes were formed and divided, releasing a cell that grew into a discoid thallus. Discoid thalli grew and released monospores. The monospores grew into additional discoid thalli. At 15–25°C under 10L∶14D, a few erect branches were produced from central parts of discoid thalli. Monospores from the erect branches grew into foliose thalli with a small base. Porphyrostromium japonicum (Tokida) Kikuchi comb. nov. was proposed based on this morphology and life history.

Cultivation of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta) in Udo Coast, Jeju, Korea

【In order to produce Laminaria japonica in Jeju as feed for abalone, a transplant experiment was performed with the Baekryungdo and the Wando cultivar stocks at the Udo aquafarm from January to July 2003. Eight water conditions at the aquafarm and eleven traits of the two cultivar stocks were measured once a month. The water temperature ranged from 12.9

Cultivation of Gracilaria chorda (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) by Vegetative Regeneration

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A Transplanting Method of Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

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A Preliminary Study on Growth and Habitat Characteristics of Zostera marina (Zosteraceae) in Gamak Bay, Yeosu

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