Jorge Aguilar Ávila

Efficiency of small enterprises of protected agriculture in the adoption of innovations in Mexico

espanolPara su estudio se realizo un analisis de conglomerados jerarquico del cual se obtuvieron tres clusteres que presentaron comportamientos distintos. Para identificar las diferencias entre clusteres se realizo un analisis de varianza y una prueba de chi-cuadrado. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia en la adopcion de innovaciones esta relacionada con la escolaridad del productor, su experiencia y el acceso al servicio de extension. Derivado de lo anterior, es importante promover una mayor articulacion entre los productores, fomentar un extensionismo integral capaz de promover el desarrollo colectivo y las interacciones que se desarrollan y evolucionan en los territorios. EnglishThe aim of this research was to identify the factors that influence the efficiency in the adoption of innovations in protected agricultural systems. For the study of these factors, a hierarchical cluster analysis was performed in which three clusters were obtained that showed clearly differentiated behavior. To identify the differences between groups, a variance analysis and a chi-square test was performed. The results show that efficiency in the adoption of innovations is related to the producer’s schooling, his experience, and access to extension services. Derived from the above, it is important to promote greater articulation among producers, promote an integral extensionism capable of promoting collective development and interactions that are developed and evolved in the territories. portuguesO objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores que influem na eficiencia na adocao de inovacoes em agricultura protegida. Para o estudo, foi realizada uma analise de conglomerado hierarquico, a partir da qual foram obtidos tres clusters que apresentaram comportamentos diferentes. Para identificar as diferencas entre clusters, foram realizadas analises de variância e teste do qui-quadrado. Os resultados mostram que a eficiencia na adocao de inovacoes esta relacionada a educacao do produtor, sua experiencia e acesso ao servico de extensao. Derivado do acima, e importante promover uma maior articulacao entre os produtores, promover um extensionismo integral capaz de propiciar o desenvolvimento coletivo e as interacoes que se desenvolvem e evoluem nos territorios.El objetivo de esta investigacion fue identificar los factores que influyen en la eficiencia en la adopcion de innovaciones en agricultura protegida. Para su estudio se realizo un analisis de conglomerados jerarquico del cual se obtuvieron tres clusteres que presentaron comportamientos distintos. Para identificar las diferencias entre clusteres se realizo un analisis de varianza y una prueba de chi-cuadrado. Los resultados muestran que la eficiencia en la adopcion de innovaciones esta relacionada con la escolaridad del productor, su experiencia y el acceso al servicio de extension. Derivado de lo anterior, es importante promover una mayor articulacion entre los productores, fomentar un extensionismo integral capaz de promover el desarrollo colectivo y las interacciones que se desarrollan y evolucionan en los territorios.

Income, Costs, Equilibrium and Target Prices of Dairy Farms. Case Study Zumpango, México

The objective is to quantify the economic and financial viability of a Representative Dairy farm. Field data were collected in June 2014, in Zumpango, Estado de Mexico, Mexico. The panels of producer technic was applied, a direct sampling process was used to select the 8 participating panelist. Variable (VC), Fixed costs (FC), economic costs (ECC), financial costs (FINC), cash flow (CF), total income (TI), net income (NI), breakeven prices and target prices were estimated. A Farm of medium level of technification and scale of 60 productive cows was analyzed. The base year is 2013. An ECC of 52,395 MXN per year, a FINC of 42,701 MXN and a CF of 39,980 MXN per year were estimated. In financial, economic, and cash flows, terms, the Farm gets a negative net income. Breakeven prices are reached only in economic and cash flow terms, under the optimistic yield scenarios. Target prices are far above of the selling price. The farm is not viable in economic, financial or cash flow terms.

Production Costs, Equilibrium, and Target Prices of a Goat Farm in Hidalgo, Mexico

In Mexico, 440 thousand families depend directly or indirectly on goat sector. The objective is to quantify revenue and cost of production, equilibrium and target prices of a goat URP. Field data was collected in July 2013, in Tzidejhe, in the Mexican State of Hidalgo. The technic of producer panels was applied, 8 producers participated. Variable (CV), Fixed costs (CF), economic costs (CEC), financial costs (CFIN), cash flow (CF), total revenues and net income were estimated. A rustic URP, 10 productive goats (does or nannies), was analyzed. A CEC of 10,991 pesos per year, per female, was estimated, a CFIN of 4,070 pesos and a CF of 8,823 pesos per year. In financial terms, the URP gets a positive net income of 28,004 pesos per year. In economic terms the URP losses 41,206 pesos a year. A cash deficit of 19,529 pesos a year is faced. Equilibrium prices are reached only in economic terms, under the more common and optimistic yield scenarios. The URP will stay in business in the short run, its viability in the medium and long run is uncertain.