José Carlos Núñez Pérez

Risk factors associated with cybervictimization in adolescence

The aim of this work is to analyze the predictive value of several variables that may affect the likelihood of occasional or severe cibervictimization in adolescence, including sociodemographic (gender and age), psychological (self-esteem and shyness-social anxiety), educational (off-line school victimization, training and socio-emotional support, and academic achievement), family (parental control), and technological (frequency of use and risky Internet behaviors) factors. To achieve this, three self-reports were applied to 3,180 Compulsory Secondary Education students from Asturias (Spain), aged between 11 and 19 years old. The multinomial logistic regression results show that age, off-line school victimization, parental control, risky Internet behaviors, using online social networks or instant messaging applications and frequency of Internet use during weekends are statistically significant risk factors for both occasional and severe cybervictimization. Self-esteem is a protective factor for occasional cybervictimization. Having their own mobile phone, playing on-line with others and frequency of Internet use during weekdays are risk factors for severe cybervictimization. The implications of these results are discussed with regard to prevention, detection and treatment of cybervictimization.

Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH): Prevalencia y Características Sociodemográficas en Población Reclusa

Diversos estudios coinciden en senalar que la prevalencia de enfermedades mentales en internos penitenciarios es significativamente mayor que en la poblacion general. En este contexto, la literatura muestra que existe una importante presencia de sintomas del Trastorno por Deficit de Atencion con Hiperactividad (TDAH) en esta poblacion. Sin embargo, la investigacion al respecto es escasa. En este estudio se estimo la prevalencia con cribado positivo para TDAH en la poblacion penitenciaria, y se establecieron las caracteristicas sociodemograficas asociadas al trastorno. Se administraron dos escalas de evaluacion del TDAH ampliamente empleadas y validadas en poblacion adulta - ASRS y WURS. Los participantes fueron 143 presos del Establecimiento Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, Espana), con un rango de edad entre 18 y 69 anos. Los resultados obtenidos indican una prevalencia aparente del TDAH en torno al 25% utilizando ambas escalas y con resultados coincidentes entre ellas. Ademas se encontraron diferencias significativas por sexo, por nivel de escolaridad y situacion laboral, con diferentes perfiles segun la presencia de los sintomas del TDAH. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de estudiar las consecuencias de este trastorno en la poblacion penitenciaria, con el objeto de mejorar el manejo terapeutico en este contexto, atendiendo a sus caracteristicas.

Niveles socioeconómicos-culturales y ejecución lingüística

We deal with an approximation to the study and assessment of language from a psychosocialnperspective. The main aim of this research is to find out and show the importance that some social,neconomic and cultural variables have as social markers, about the performance on language,nevaluated through I.T.P.A., in a sample of students of E.G.B. (grade school) in Galicia