José Egídio Flori

Produtividade de pepino para processamento no Vale do São Francisco

With the objective of indicating pickling cucumber cultivars of high productivity, two field experiments were carried out in Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil, from May to August of 1997. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 18 treatments and three replications. Experimental plots consisted of four rows of 3 m long, and the plants were on a 1.00x0.30 m spacing grid. The commercial fruits were classified as pickling (fruits length from 6 to 12 cm) and cornichon (from 4.0 to 5.5 cm). The cultivars Eureka (34.54 t/ha) and Francipak (33.72 t/ha) presented the highest yield for pickling. The cultivars Pioneiro, Vlaspik and Wisconsin SMR 18 showed the lowest yield varying from 21.43 to 23.45 t/ha. There was a variation from 30.74 to 37.79 g/fruit and from 9.01 to 14.81 fruit/plant. For cornichon stood out the cultivars Vlasset and Supremo, followed by Vlasstar and Premio which showed yield above 10.00 t/ha. The lowest yield was presented by Wisconsin SMR 18, with 5.61 t/ha. There was a variation from 6.09 to 7.27 g/fruit and 11.48 to 24.15 fruits/plant.

Effect of density, stem diameter classes on yield of peach palm in the Vale do São Francisco, Brazil

Com o objetivo de avaliar a producao e o rendimento de palmito de pupunha, instalou-se um experimento na Estacao Experimental de Mandacaru, Juazeiro (BA), em solo argiloso. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas com tres repeticoes. A parcela principal constituiu-se dos espacamentos 2,0 m x 1,0 m (E1) e 2,0 m x 1,5 m (E2) e as subparcelas constituiram-se do arranjo fatorial 2x3: dois manejos de perfilhos e tres classes de diâmetros de corte. A area util das subparcelas foi de 14 m2 (E1) e 12 m2 (E2). Foram avaliados o diâmetro e altura da planta, comprimento e rendimento do palmito e numero de estipes colhidos por parcela. Os resultados referem-se as colheitas realizadas dos 16 aos 42 meses apos o plantio, realizadas a cada tres meses. O diâmetro de corte afetou significativamente o rendimento, o numero de estipes, o peso medio do palmito e a altura da planta. Colheu-se 1,86, 1,58 e 1,05 t/ha de palmito nas classes de diâmetros de 9,7 a 11,3 cm, 11,4 a 13,4 cm e 13,5 a 15,6 cm, respectivamente. Nao verificou-se diferenca de rendimento entre as classes de diâmetro de 9,7 a 11,3 cm e 11,4 a 13,4 cm. A classe de diâmetro afetou o numero de estipes e peso medio do palmito. Nas classes de diâmetro de 9,7 a 11,3 cm, 11,4 a 13,4 cm e 13,5 a 15,6 cm foram colhidos em media 11,5, 8,5 e 4,5 estipes por subparcela com o peso medio do palmito de 210, 256 e 310 g, respectivamente. O espacamento nao afetou as caracteristicas avaliadas, exceto o peso medio do palmito. O manejo de perfilhos afetou o rendimento de palmito, foram produzidos 1,65 t/ha e 1,34 t/ha aos 42 meses para o manejo com quatro perfilhos e todos os perfilhos, respectivamente. O rendimento de palmito correlacionou positivamente com o numero de estipes (0,84) e negativamente com a classe de diâmetro de corte (-0,76), altura da planta (-0,52) e peso medio do palmito (-0,51). O peso medio do palmito foi 65% explicado na analise de regressao pelo comprimento do palmito e a classe de diâmetro de corte da planta. Os resultados obtidos permitem indicar como orientacao preliminar para as areas irrigadas do submedio Sao Francisco o cultivo da pupunha no espacamento de 2,0 m x 1,0 m ou 2,0 m x 1,5 m, com manejo de quatro perfilhos/planta e o corte com o diâmetro variando de 9,7 a 13,4 cm.

Yield and quality of pickling cucumber "cornichon" in the Vale do São Francisco, Brazil

In 1996, a field experiment was carried out in Petrolina, Pernambuco State, Brazil, to evaluate the yield of pickling cucumber cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with twenty-two treatments (cv Calypso, Eureka, Flurry, Francipak, Ginga AG-77, HE-601, HE-657, HE-671, HE-713, Imperial, Nautillus, Navigator, Panorama, Pioneiro, Premier, Premio, Primepak, SMR 18 Wisconsin, Supremo, Vlaspik, Vlasset and Vlasstar), and three replications. Experimental plots consisted of four rows, each one 3 m long spaced in 1.00 x 0.30 m. Cultivars Vlaspik (11.5 t/ha), Eureka (11.2 t/ha), Calypso (11.1 t/ha), Ginga AG-77 (10.7 t/ha), Imperial (10.6 t/ha), Premio (10.6 t/ha), Panorama (10.3 t/ha) HE-671 (10.2 t/ha), Vlasset (10.1 t/ha) and Francipak (10,0 t/ha) presented the highest yield, without differences among them, while cv. SMR 18 Wisconsin presented the lowest yield (6.1 t/ha). The cvs. Vlaspik, Eureka, Calypso, Ginga AG-77, Imperial, Premio, Panorama, HE-671, Vlasset and Francipak presented the highest number of fruits per plant (from 22.7 to 25.7 fruits/plant), with no differences among them. Over 50% of total yield from all cvs. was considered as marketable and classified as type 1 (diameter 13.5 mm and <15.0 mm). The percentage of non-marketable fruits varied from 9,3 to 16,2% among cultivars.

Guidelines for irrigation scheduling of peach palm for heart-of-palm production in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil

O consumo de agua, o coeficiente de cultura e a profundidade efetiva de raizes da pupunha cultivada em um Vertissolo foram estimados do plantio ate a quinta colheita de palmito, durante dois anos e tres meses, em Juazeiro-BA. As plantas foram irrigadas por microaspersao sob dois tratamentos, irrigacao total (IT) e irrigacao reduzida (IR), sendo a quantidade de agua aplicada em IR correspondente a 75% daquela em IT. O consumo de agua e o coeficiente de cultura aumentaram consideravelmente ate a primeira colheita (7,3 mm dia-1 e 1,2, respectivamente, no tratamento IT) no decimo terceiro mes apos o plantio, devido ao crescimento continuo das plantas. Posteriormente, como os cortes foram realizados a cada tres ou quatro meses, os valores de consumo de agua e coeficiente de cultura apresentaram variacoes devido a reducao do numero de plantas por area. A profundidade efetiva das raizes foi de 40 cm aos 12 meses (antes da primeira colheita) e permaneceu a mesma aos 24 meses apos o plantio (apos a quarta colheita). Nao houve diferenca significativa entre a producao de palmito de ambos os tratamentos de irrigacao.

Distribuição radicular de cultivares de aspargo em áreas irrigadas de Petrolina - PE

In 1997 the root distribution of two asparagus cultivars (New Jersey 220 and UC 157 F1) irrigated by sprinkler was evaluated in coarse textured soils in experimental and commercial areas at Petrolina county, in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, to obtain useful information for soil and water management. Both the monolith and the soil profile aided by digital image analysis methods were used to evaluate it. In the experimental area, a greater concentration of root dry weight, root area and length in the soil profile and root length density were found up to 04 m depth for both cultivars, while in commercial area the root area and length of cv. New Jersey 220 were concentrated until 0,6 m depth. Roots reached 1 m depth in both areas. In experimental area, dry weight, area and length in the soil profile and the length density of the roots showed greater presence up to the distance of 0.6 m from the plant row. Most of the roots (88% for cv. New Jersey 220 and 82.2% for cv. UC 157 F1) were found with diameter greater than 2 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, while root diameter estimated by image analysis varied from 2.4 to 2.6 mm (cv. New Jersey 220) and from 2.4 to 3.6 mm (cv. UC 157 F1). Data of both methods of root distribution analysis and diameter estimation showed similarity.

ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DO SOLO E DOS NUTRIENTES FOLIAR NA BANANEIRA ‘PACOVAN’ SOBRE DUAS COBERTURAS VEGETAIS

Banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, which is grown in most tropical countries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the main attributes of soil fertility in a banana crop under two cover crops and two root development locations. The work was conducted in Curaçá, BA, Brazil, between October 2011 and May 2013, using a randomized block design in split plot with five repetitions. Two cover crops were assessed in the plots, the cover 1 consisting of Pueraria phaseoloides, and the cover 2 consisting of a crop mix with Sorghum bicolor, Ricinus communis L., Canavalia ensiformis, Mucuna aterrima and Zea mays, and two soil sampling locations in the subplots, between plants in the banana rows (location 1) and between the banana rows (location 2). There were significant and independent effects for the cover crop and sampling location factors for the variables organic matter, Ca and P, and significant effects for the interaction between cover crops and sampling locations for the variables potassium, magnesium and total exchangeable bases. The cover crop mix and the between-row location presented the highest organic matter content. Potassium was the nutrient with the highest negative variation from the initial content and its leaf content was below the reference value, however not reducing the crop yield. The banana crop associated with crop cover using the crop mix provided greater availability of nutrients in the soil compared to the coverage with tropical kudzu.

Rendimento da pupunheira em função da densidade de plantio, diâmetro de corte e manejo dos perfilhos no Vale do São Francisco

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of planting density, cut-off diameter classes and shoot number on heart of palm production on irrigated peach palm. The experimental layout was a randomized split-plot design with a factorial arrangement in the split-plot with four replicates. The whole plots were plant spacing S¹ - 2 x 1 m and S² - 2 x 2 m and the subplots were 12 m² (with factorial arrangement of two diameters and two shoot number). The harvesting was done from 16 to 69 months after planting with three months interval. The cut-off diameter class affected significantly the production. The yields of heart of palm at diameter classes 10 cm and 12 cm were 494 and 484 kg ha-1 year-1 and, respectively. The average weight of heart of palm for the cut-off diameters 10 cm and 12 cm were 149 g and 178 g and yield of heart of palm were 545 and 434 kg ha-1 year-1, respectively. Planting space affect all the parameters evaluated, except the average plant height. The results allow to point out, as information for the irrigated areas of the San Francisco Valley, the cultivation of peach palm spaced 2 x 1 m and cut-off diameter of de stem from 10 to 12 cm about 30 cm up the grownd.

Produção de pepino para conserva no Vale do São Francisco

Com o objetivo de identificar as cultivares mais produtivas de pepino para conserva, instalou-se um experimento no periodo de setembro a novembro de 1996, no Campo Experimental de Bebedouro/Petrolina (PE). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 22 cultivares (Flurry, Francipak, Nautillus, Primepak, Navigator, Vlasstar, Vlaspik, Vlasset, Calypso, Eureka, Panorama, Imperial, Premio, Supremo, HE-671, HE-713, HE-601, HE-657, Premier, Pioneiro, Ginga AG-77 e Wisconsin SMR 18) e tres repeticoes. A parcela experimental foi composta de quatro linhas de 3,0 m de comprimento, com espacamento de 1,0 x 0,30 m. As cultivares Supremo (39,78 t/ha), Vlasset (39,72 t/ha), Ginga AG-77 (39,58 t/ha), Vlaspik (39,21 t/ha), Calypso (37,89 t/ha), Francipak (37,87 t/ha), Navigator (37,59 t/ha), Primepak (36,95 t/ha), Imperial (36,77 t/ha), Panorama (35,99 t/ha) e Eureka (35,13 t/ha) apresentaram as produtividades estatisticamente mais elevadas. A cultivar Wisconsin SMR 18 foi a que apresentou a produtividade significativamente mais baixa (21,29 t/ha). Com relacao ao numero de frutos por planta, as cultivares Vlasset (13,90 frutos), Ginga AG-77 (13,83), Primepak (13,58), Panorama (13,55), Supremo (13,54), Calypso (13,01), Vlaspik (12,83), Francipak (12,59) e Navigator (12,16) apresentaram estatisticamente os melhores resultados. As cultivares Supremo (83,13%), HE-657 (82,23%), Flurry (81,55%), Ginga AG-77 (81,31%), e Eureka (81,24%) apresentaram as proporcoes significativamente mais altas de producao de frutos comerciais do tipo 1, com comprimento entre 6 e 9 cm e maior valor comercial. Todas as cultivares apresentaram ciclo entre 72 e 75 dias, do plantio a ultima colheita.

Produtividade do aspargo sob irrigação na região do Submédio São Francisco

The objectives of this study were to evaluate genotypes of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), in terms of yield and adaptation to conditions of the Submedio Sao Francisco region. The research was conducted between 1991 and 1994 at the Bebedouro Experimental Station of Embrapa Semi-Arido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco State. Two standard cultivars and twelve Brazilian hybrids (Pelotas and Rio Grande do Sul), ten French hybrids, and three hybrids from the United States were tested. Only straight spears, without stains or lesions, and diameter above eight mm and length varying from 15 to 20 cm, were considered for determining yield. The mean annual productivity per genotype varied from l.74 to 6.33 t. ha-1 during the period 1991 to 1994. In 1992 the highest performance was observed, with a productivity of 4.46 t. ha-1. The hybrids from France presented an accentuated mortality, indicating a probable lack of adaptation to the local conditions. The hybrids W 12 x 14, G 4 x 14 and G 103 x 14, from Pelotas, yielded above 4.40 t. ha-1. The variety New Jersey 220 showed the best performance, with 3.69 t. ha-1. These data indicate that asparagus cropping is a good alternative for the irrigation projects in the Brazilian Northeast, offering conditions for competition in internal and external markets.