José Julián Echeverri Zuluaga

Spatial abilities in “forced” left‐handers

Eight “forced” left‐handers were given a test of spatial abilities. Their scores were significantly lower than those obtained by two control groups (righthanders and left‐handers) matched by age, sex, and educational background. Implications are considered.

Detección serológica del blv en muestras de leche en una población de vacas holstein, antioquia.

The Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of the Enzootic Bovine Leukemia (EBL), this disease is infectious, chronic and specifically cattle, presenting a low percentage of patients with clinical manifestations. Between 30-70% of infected animals can develop persistent lymphocytosis (LP) and between 0,1-10% of cattle over three years of infection suffers some form of lymphosarcoma (LS). The aim of this work was serologically detection of BLV in milk samples from Holstein cows in three dairy herds in the department of Antioquia. Were taken 133 milk samples from Holstein cows three dairy herds located in the municipality of Medellin and Belmira, was conducted an indirect ELISA against gp51 envelope protein of the virus. The ELISA test showed a seroprevalence of 79,69% (106/133) for all samples tested. The herd was the largest herd seroprevalence 1 (82,86%), followed by the herd 2 (80%) and finally the herd 3 (77,08%). The presence of the BLV has increased in recent years in Antioquia, so fast and efficient diagnosis through reliable methodologies allow control over the spread of the disease in dairy herds.

Caracterización del polimorfismo genético del gen bola DRB3.2 en vacas holstein y bonxholstein de un hato lechero de Antioquia

espanolIntroduccion. El gen DRB3 del antigeno leucocitario bovino (BoLA) ha sido ampliamente estudiado, dado que sus variantes alelicas han sido asociadas con enfermedades infecciosas y caracteristicas productivas. Objetivo. Determinar las frecuencias de los alelos del exon 2 del gen BoLA DRB3 obtenidos mediante la tecnica PCR-RFLP en vacas Holstein y BONxHolstein (BxH) de un hato lechero de Antioquia. Materiales y metodos. Fueron genotipificadas 101 vacas, 76 de raza Holstein y 25 del cruce BON x Holstein (BxH) para el exon 2 del gen DRB3 del antigeno leucocitario bovino (BoLA). Los alelos BoLA DRB3.2 fueron identificados por PCR-RFLP, empleando las enzimas de restriccion RsaI, HaeIII y BstYI y confirmados por secueciacion. Resultados. En este estudio fueron identificados 27 alelos BoLA DRB3.2 con un rango de frecuencias de 0.007 a 0.151 en la raza Holstein y de 0.02 a 0.20 en BxH. Los cuatro alelos mas frecuentes para la raza Holstein fueron: BoLA DRB3.2* 23, 22, 24 y 16, con una frecuencia acumulada de 0.506 y los cuatro alelos mas frecuentes en BxH fueron: BoLA DRB3.2*23, 24, 20 y 37, con una frecuencia acumulada de 0.54. Conclusiones. El gen BoLA DRB3.2 fue altamente polimorfico en los dos grupos geneticos (Holstein y BxH) y en los dos grupos se presento un perfil de alelos similar. EnglishIntroduction. DRB3 gene of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) has been widely studied, given the fact that its allelic variations have been associated to infectious diseases and production characteristics. Objective. To determine the frequencies of the alleles of the exon 2of the BoLA DRB3.2 gene obtained by means of the PCR-RFLP technique in Holstein y BONxHolstein (BxH) cows from a dairy herd in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. 101 cows were genotyped, 76 were Holstein and 25 of the BON X Holstein genetic cross (BxH) for the exon 2 of the DRB3 gene of the bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA). The BoLA DRB3.2 alleles were identified by means of the PCR-RFLP technique using the Rsal, Haelll and BstYI restriction enzymes and were confirmed with a sequencing process. Results. 27 BoLA DRB3.2 alleles were identified with a frequency ratio from 0.007 to 0.151 in the Holstein cows and from 0.02 to 0.20 in BxH. The four most frequent alleles for Hostein cows were: BoLA DRB3.2 * 23, 22, 24 and 16, with an accumulated frequency of 0.506, and the four most frequent alleles in BxH were: BoLA DRB3.2*23, 24, 20 and 37, with an accumulated frequency of 0.54. Conclusions. The BoLA DRB3.2 gene was highly polymorphic in both genetic groups (Holstein and BxH) and also in both groups there was a similar allelic profile. portuguesIntroducao. O gene DRB3 do antigeno leucocitario bovino (BoLA) ha sido amplamente estudado, dado que sus variantes alelicas hao sido associadas com doencas infecciosas e caracteristicas produtivas. Objetivo. Determinar as frequencias dos alelos do Exao 2 do gene BoLA DRB3 obtidos mediante a tecnica PCR-RFLP em vacas Holstein e BONxHolstein (BxH) de um rebanho leiteiro de Antioquia.Materiales e metodos. Foram genotipificadas 101 vacas, 76 de raca Holstein e 25 do cruze BON x Holstein (BxH) para o Exao 2 do gene DRB3 do antigeno leucocitario bovino (BoLA). Os alelos BoLADRB3.2 foram identificados por PCRRFLP, empregando as enzimas de restricao RsaI, HaeIII e BstYI e confirmados por sequenciamento. Resultados. Neste estudo foram identificados 27 alelos BoLA DRB3.2 com um gama de frequencias de 0.007 a 0.151 na raca Holstein e de 0.02 a 0.20 em BxH. Os quatro alelos mais frequentes para a raca Holstein foram: BoLA DRB3.2* 23, 22, 24 y 16, com uma frequencia acumulada de 0.506 e os quatro alelos mais frequentes en BxH foram: BoLA DRB3.2*23, 24, 20 e 37, com uma frequencia acumulada de 0.54. Conclusoes. O gene BoLA DRB3.2 foi altamente polimorfico nos dos grupos geneticos (Holstein e BxH) e nos dois grupos se apresentou um perfil de alelos similar.