José Magno Queiroz Luz

Propagação vegetativa da alfavaca-cravo utilizando diferentes tipos de estacas e substratos

Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas Departamento de Horticultura

Produção da alface em função do uso de diferentes fontes de fósforo em solo de Cerrado

The lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a very demanding crop for phosphorus, being little tolerant to the soil acidity. The response of the lettuce crop to sources of soluble and reactive phosphorus fertilizer of slow solubility was evaluated in the presence of liming. . The experimental design consisted of a randomizing complete block design with six treatments (single superphosphate, thermalphosphate magnesium, triple superphosphate, Fosmag, Arad phosphate rock and control without phosphorus), in four replications, conducted in a Typic Acrustox. P suppression, yield and plant diameter indicate, as well as all other variables related to plant growth, the importance of P for the lettuce development. Significant responses to different P sources were also observed for fresh and dry matter production of aerial part, fresh mass of roots and level of P in the soil. Best responses in decreasing order were obtained for Fosmag, triple superphosphate, single superphosphate, thermalphosphate magnesium and Arad phosphate rock match sources. Fosmag and triple superphosphate were equivalent for production of root dry mass and diameter of the aerial part. Adjusting soil acidity, the accumulated level of P in leaves was higher when Fosmag, triple superphosphate and simple superphosphate were used as sources of P.

Micropropagação do jaborandi

The jaborandi (Pilocarpus microphyllus Stapf.) is a tree belonging to the Rutaceae family and is well known for its intensive use in the pharmaceutical industry through one of its most active principles, the pilocarpine, used to control glaucoma. The purpose of this research is to develop micropropagation protocols. Shoot tips and stem segments used in the micropropagation were removed from the seedlings grown in vitro and cultivated in MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. A treatment with 3% of NaOCl and the lack of GA3 caused a higher percentage of germination and a lower rate of contamination. The apical segment was the most efficient for shoot emission with best average length under different concentrations of BAP and different combinations of zeatin and kinetin.

Aplicações da cultura de tecidos vegetais em fruteiras do Cerrado

Currently, its been given a huge concern to the cerrado plants, focusing on fruit trees due to their characteristics and uses. Despite being a fairly unexplored area, the number of studies on these native species has increased, especially those involving tissue culture techniques. Thats because this biotechnological tool provides the propagation of species with germination difficulty, reduces problems of recalcitrant seeds, promotes large scale seedling production, complements germplasm banks and facilitates the exchange of genetic materials. Therefore, this review summarizes the history and current situation of tissue culture techniques applied to Brazilian Cerrado fruit trees, providing support to further studies.

Aspectos morfofisiológicos de plantas de milho e bioquímico do solo em resposta à adubação nitrogenada e à inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that positively affects grain yields in maize crops, being its appropriate management indispensable for a sustainable agriculture, including the use of alternative resources such as diazotrophic bacteria. The aims of this work were to evaluate morphophysiological aspects of maize plants and activity of soil enzymes (urease and fosfatase) due to mineral N fertilization and Azospirillum brasilense inoculation. Two trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions with cerrado soil. A randomized block design was set up with treatments distributed as a 3 x 3 factorial. The first factor corresponded to N rates (0; 100 and 200 kg ha-1) and the second factor to an A. brasilense inoculant (0; 100 and 200 mL ha-1). At the end of this experiment, another trial was done to determine the possible residual effect of inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. Nitrogen application promoted maize plants growth, and increased chlorophyll and nutrient contents. Intensified activity of rhizosphere enzymes related to ammonium and inorganic phosphorus availability was also observed. In addition, N fertilization had residual effect on plant development in the test evaluating the residual effect of the fertilizer. The combination of 200 mL ha-1 of A. brasilense with 200 kg ha-1 of N increased the physiological response of the maize crop.

Aplicações da cultura de tecidos em plantas medicinais

The aim of this literature review is to conduct a survey concerning the history and current situation of tissue culture techniques in medicinal plants. Therefore, a review was done considering the period from 1976 to 2009. Tissue culture is widely applied in medicinal plants researches, especially micropropagation. The perspectives of tissue culture techniques in medicinal plants are related to the development of competitive germoplasm adapted to diverse methods of cultivation, the election of new species that will serve as source of biological active composts, and the improvement of phytochemicals production, in order to assure sustainable exploration of these species.

Aceitação sensorial de híbridos de milho doce e híbridos de milho verde em intervalos de colheita

A composicao quimica e a textura dos graos do milho doce estao, diretamente, relacionadas com as classes de endosperma que interferem na aceitacao do produto pelos consumidores. Por isso, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as caracteristicas sensoriais de hibridos de milho doce e de hibridos de milho verde, em funcao de intervalos de colheita. O experimento foi instalado na Estacao Experimental de Pesquisa da Syngenta Seeds Ltda, no municipio de Uberlândia-MG. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 8x4, correspondente a oito hibridos (seis hibridos experimentais de milho doce - SWC03, SWC04, SWC05, SWC06, SWC07 e SWC08 e dois hibridos de milho verde SWC01 e SWC02) e quatro intervalos de colheita (26, 28, 30 e 32 dias apos a colheita – DAF), com tres repeticoes. No estudo, que envolveu 41 pessoas (25 mulheres e 16 homens), utilizando-se o teste de aceitacao com escala hedonica, concluiu-se que os hibridos de milho doce tem maior aceitacao que os hibridos de milho verde, independentemente do intervalo de colheita. Colheitas tardias (32 DAF) refletem-se em reducao da aceitabilidade do milho doce, que se assemelha a do milho verde (entre indiferente e gostei ligeiramente, para cor, e desgostei ligeiramente e desgostei moderadamente, para textura e sabor). Para todos os hibridos testados, a colheita, quando realizada entre 26 e 28 DAF, proporciona produtos com melhores resultados sensoriais (textura, sabor e cor).

In vitro culture of Spondias mombin L. nodal segments

Spondias mombin L. shoot cultures were initiated from nodal explants taken from plants propagated by seeds. Explants coming from 4-6 months old plants, previously disinfected, were cultivated on WPM medium supplemented with a wide range of concentrations of BAP (0.0, 0.22, 0.44, 2.22 and 4.44 mM) and NAA (0.0, 0.27 and 2.70 mM). After four weeks, the responses obtained were axillary shoot and root formation. The first response were preferentially induced with the medium containing only BAP, regardless of the BAP concentration. The addition of NAA on medium reduced significantly axillary shoot formation and induced rhizogenesis. Roots were formed on nodal explant basis, preferentially on medium supplemented with 4.44 mM NAA. The medium supplemented with BAP reduced significantly root formation.

Agronomic performance of mini-tomato hybrids from dwarf lines

Little is known about the commercial potential of mini-tomato hybrids obtained from one dwarf parent. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of mini-tomato hybrids obtained by crossing a dwarf line (A) with normal lines with indeterminate (I), determinate (D) and semi-determinate (SD) growth habits. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Estacao Experimental de Hortalicas at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU in Monte Carmelo, Brazil. The experiment was completely randomized with 17 treatments and four repetitions. The genetic material consisted of 16 experimental mini-tomato hybrids from the tomato germplasm bank at UFU, and a commercial hybrid (Mascot) as a control. The following variables were used to evaluate agronomic performance: fruit weight (g); number of fruits plant-1; productivity (kg plant-1); number of bunches plant-1; number of fruits bunch-1; stem diameter (mm); distance between first bunch and soil (cm); internode length (cm) and total soluble solids (°Brix). The growth habit of the parents influenced the performance of the hybrids. In general, the mini-tomato hybrids from dwarf lines differed from the control with respect to all variables except number of fruits plant-1, number of fruits bunch-1 and stem diameter. On average, hybrids from dwarf lines showed higher productivity (20%), shorter internodes (11%) and a shorter distance between the first bunch and the ground (30%), relative to the control. Using dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrids was shown to be viable since the hybrids demonstrated better agronomic performance.

QUALIDADE E ATIVIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DE TOMATE CULTIVADO SOB DIFERENTES FONTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO

Tomatoes are an important component of the human diet because they are rich in minerals and antioxidants that sequester free radicals in cells, preventing various disorders that affect human health. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen sources and concentrations on antioxidant capacity and physical and chemical quality of tomato fruit. The experiment was conducted in Vitória da Conquista, state of Bahia, Brazil, in the experimental field of Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia. The experimental setup included a randomized block design with four replicates in a factorial layout of 3 × 3 + 1 (control), for a total of 40 plots. The three treatments comprised different nitrogen sources (calcium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate), applied in three doses (140, 280, and 420 kg ha ). We evaluated firmness, pH, titratable acidity TA, soluble solid SS, SS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and DPPH inhibition, were evaluated after samples were harvested. However, increasing concentrations of N adversely affected the acidity and led to an increase in the SS/TA ratio. Increasing the N concentration also reduced the content of bioactive compounds. excluding carotenoids, which consequently impaired antioxidant activity.