José María Faílde Garrido

Prácticas sexuales de chicos y chicas españoles de 14-24 años de edad

Objetivo: Describir los comportamientos y practicas sexuales de adolescentes y jovenes espanoles en funcion del genero. Metodo: La informacion fue recogida mediante un cuestionario, realizado en el domicilio de los participantes y con presencia del entrevistador, aplicado a una muestra aleatoria integrada por 2.171 chicos y chicas de 14-24 anos de edad, representativa de las comunidades de Galicia, Madrid y Andalucia. Resultados: Un total de 1.439 sujetos (66,3%) refirieron haber tenido actividad sexual en los ultimos 6 meses, sin apreciarse diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre chicos (66,4%) y chicas (66,2%), excepto en las siguientes variables: haber practicado el coito anal (los chicos refieren haberlo practicado en mayor proporcion); numero de parejas sexuales (las chicas manifestaron tener menor numero de parejas), y frecuencia de coitos vaginales (las chicas presentaron una frecuencia mas elevada en esta practica). Tambien se encontraron diferencias en frecuencia de uso del condon en las practicas coito-anales y en las bucogenitales, en las que los chicos refirieron utilizarlo mas frecuentemente. Conclusiones: Los datos de este estudio indican que los chicos y las chicas mantienen comportamientos sexuales diferenciados. En este sentido, las chicas suelen tener menor numero de parejas sexuales y utilizan el preservativo en mayor medida que los chicos en las practicas coito-vaginales; sin embargo, hacen menor uso de este en las practicas bucogenitales y coito-anales. En funcion de estos datos consideramos necesario tener en cuenta la variable genero a la hora de disenar e implementar intervenciones preventivas.

Uso del preservativo masculino en las relaciones con coito vaginal de jóvenes españoles entre catorce y veinticuatro años

the male condom continues to be the primary method of preventing sexually transmitted diseases, including Hiv. this is a transversal descriptive research, their objective is assess the frequency of use of the male condom in sexual relations involving vaginal penetration using a sample of young spanish men from 14 to 24 years of age. We attempt to identify reliable predictors for condom use, factors that predispose, facilitate and reinforce its consistent use. the sample was made up of 2.171 young belonging to three regions in spain (galicia, Madrid and andalusia) among the ages of 14 and 24. a 50,4 % of the young men polled expressed having had vaginal intercourse in the previous six months. Participants who were 18-year-old and older as well as those who engaged more frequently in sexual activity were less likely to use the male condom at all times. Taking the Precede model as a point of reference, the models of logistic regression identified the following variables as reliable predictors: a declared intention of partaking in non-risk conduct with a stable partner and the self-perceived skill at using the male condom with a stable partner (within the group of predisposing factors); having used the male condom the first time they engaged in vaginal intercourse, the habit of speaking to one’s partner about sexual practices, speaking to one’s partner about prevention methods to use, and low frequency of sexual relations with vaginal penetration (within the group of facilitating factors); having felt a sense of guilt or repentance for not taking precautions after engaging in vaginal intercourse (within the group of reinforcing factors). In conclusion the results of this study confirm the utility of the Precede model to carry out the diagnosis of the sexual behaviour.

Beneficios de una intervención educativa en la dieta y en el perfil antropométrico de mujeres con un factor de riesgo cardiovascular

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To assess whether an educational intervention in perimenopausal women with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia would improve adherence to a Mediterranean diet pattern and achieve changes in anthropometric parameters. PATIENTS Randomized clinical trial of parallel groups: 320 women (45-60 years) in 2 urban primary care services. VARIABLES STUDIED hip and waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), total, visceral and trunk fat (bioimpedance measures) and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MEDAS-14 questionnaire). Intervention group: 3 interactive workshops on prevention of cardiovascular disease, and control group: information by post. RESULTS Two hundred and thirty women completed the study (113 control group and 117 intervention group). The differences between groups were significant in all parameters one year later. In the intragroup comparison, the intervention group maintained their BMI and improved adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The control group increased their BMI, abdominal and hip circumference and fat parameters (total, visceral and trunk fat). CONCLUSIONS A simple educational intervention in perimenopausal women with cardiovascular risk can improve their healthy habits.

Class Anxiety in Secondary Education: Exploring Structural Relations with Perceived Control, Engagement, Disaffection, and Performance.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between class-related anxiety with perceived control, teacher-reported behavioral engagement, behavioral disaffection, and academic performance. Participants were 355 compulsory secondary students (9th and 10th grades; Mean age = 15.2 years; SD = 1.8 years). Structural equation models revealed performance was predicted by perceived control, anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Perceived control predicted anxiety, disaffection, and engagement. Anxiety predicted disaffection and engagement, and partially mediated the effects from control on disaffection (β = -.277, p < .005; CI = -.378, -.197) and engagement (β = .170, p < .002; CI = .103 .258). The negative association between anxiety and performance was mediated by engagement and disaffection (β = -.295, p < .002; CI = -.439, -.182). Anxiety, engagement, and disaffection mediated the effects of control on performance (β = .352, p < .003; CI = .279, .440). The implications of these results are discussed in the light of current theory and educational interventions.

A qualitative approach to the study of the characteristics of individuals convicted of road traffic offences

Significant changes have been applied to the regulation of criminal law concerning road traffic in Spain, in a similar way to many of the countries surrounding us. This has led to a gradual increase in the number of individuals who are convicted with custodial sentences or sentenced to community service. Nevertheless, the available data on the psychosocial traits of road traffic offence convicts is highly limited. The objective of this qualitative study is to provide more insight into those convicted of road traffic offences through the use of focus groups, thus enabling the analysis of their attitudes towards sentences related to road safety offences, opinions regarding their driving styles, the profile of convicts of road traffic offences and how they feel about being labelled as delinquents. The results of this study are particularly relevant with regards to improving the rehabilitation process of convicts of road safety offences.