José Maria Filippini Alba

Uso, ocupação das terras e banco de dados geográficos da metade sul do Rio Grande do Sul

Geographical data base consist in an important reference for the territorial planning, mainly when the available regional information are restricted. This study objectified to quantify and evaluate the land use and occupation of 35 municipalities of the South of the Rio Grande do Sul state. Remote Sensing and Geoprocessing techniques were utilized to classify digital image of the Landsat satellite. Geographical data base were elaborated with concerning information the classes of use and land occupation (natural and cultivated pastures, natural forest, reforestation, swampy and drenched, dunes and sand, water, agriculture, uncover soil and urban areas). The data were analyzed by municipality and integrated in form of public instruments of territorial magement the for the Regional Committee of development of the South Region, for the Municipalities Association of the South Zone of the RS State and for the Lagoa Mirim Water Basin. Pastures and agriculture were the classes most expressive and corresponded 83% of the average securities of the municipalities, being the other classes less expressive (<5%). Spatial analysis data and the information generated make possible the understanding of the occupational dynamics and subsidize the ordenation of the geographical space and the sustainable development of the region.

AGROCLIMATIC ZONING OF EUROPEAN AND ASIAN PEAR CULTIVARS WITH POTENTIAL FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTING IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL

A pera esta entre as frutas de maior interesse comercial no mundo e e a fruta mais importada pelo Brasil. A producao brasileira e muito pequena, e a qualidade da fruta nao tem padrao comercial adequado, em funcao da falta de adaptacao das peras de qualidade as condicoes edafoclimaticas brasileiras. O sucesso da cultura no Pais, entre outros fatores, pode estar associado a escolha das cultivares comerciais, polinizadoras e porta-enxertos mais bem adaptados as condicoes edafoclimaticas locais, dependendo, portanto, das indicacoes de um zoneamento agricola. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar, na regiao Sul do Brasil, zonas climaticas homogeneas com potencial para plantios comerciais de pereiras europeias e asiaticas, por meio de estudos de riscos climaticos. As regioes foram delimitadas pela disponibilidade estacional de horas de frio (<7,2 oC) acumuladas no periodo entre maio e setembro, e pelo risco mensal de ocorrencia de deficit hidrico. A analise permitiu o reconhecimento de quatro zonas homogeneas para producao comercial de peras na regiao Sul.

Geotechnologies and Soil Mapping for Delimitation of Management Zones as an Approach to Precision Viticulture

Data of the physical and chemical properties of soils from three vineyards located in Vale dos Vinhedos, Bento Goncalves, Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil, were processed. Soil mapping was performed by means of four profiles and the digital elevation model in detailed scale. Then, superficial soils (0–20 cm) were sampled according to a grid pattern. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), kriging, and unsupervised classification methods were applied on physical and chemical data of superficial soils sampled according to grid pattern. This study aimed to compare both methods, the conventional soil mapping and the map produced with superficial soil sampling, about their potential for definition of the management zones, as an approach for precision agriculture. Maps elaborated by conventional soil mapping overlapped partially with the maps derived from superficial sampling, probably due to the specific methodological differences of each case. Anyway, both methods are complementary because of the focus on vertical variability and horizontal variability, respectively. In that sense, slope appears as significant edaphic parameter, due to its control on water circulation in the profile of soil.