José Mário Girão Abreu

Tratamento da compactação experimental do cólon maior em eqüinos: resultados de laboratório e exames bioquímicos

The effects of isotonic polionic enteral solution, sene plus intravenous (IV) fluid therapy or fluid therapy IV only for the large colon impaction treatment in horses were evaluated. Twenty animals were divided in four groups. Animals of the treated groups had experimentally induced colon impactions. Group C (control) was not treated; group E8 received isotonic polionic enteral solution (8ml/kg/hour/48 hours); group SE received sene (20mg/kg, two doses with 24 hours interval) and ringer lactate IV (10ml/kg/hour/12 hour, during two days), and group RL received ringer lactate IV (16ml/kg/hour/12hour, during two days) only. Animals in the E8 group had hypernatremia, hypercloremia and hyperglycemia. Animals of the SE group had higher concentration of urea, creatinine, osmolality and plasmatic lactate. Ringer lactate IV only, group RL, did not cause alteration in the electrolytic equilibrium. In conclusion, intravenous fluid therapy with Ringer solution alone was the most efficient treatment for biochemical correction in horses with large colon impaction. Fluid therapy was also efficient in minor degree. Sene treatment associated with intravenous fluid therapy had the poorest results among the protocols to normalize biochemical variables.

Heart rate responses of two breeds of four-gaited horses to a standardised field gaited test

In order to understand how gaited horses use their energy during exercise, a standardised field gaited test (SFGT) was developed to assess energy expenditure of four beat gaited horses independently of size, sex or breed. This work aimed at developing such an SFGT, using as main measurement parameter the heart rate (HR) of horses during the SFGT performance. Thirty-one four beat gaited horses were evaluated and divided into two groups: FIT (conditioned) and UNFIT (not conditioned). Horses were submitted to the SFGT and their heart rates were measured with a heart rate monitor as follows: right after being mounted, at the beginning of pre-test (HRSADDLE); at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes of four beat gait dislocation; and at 15 minutes after the recovery period (T+15). Maximum HR (HRMAX); HR percentage over 150 beats per minute (HR%≯150), HR percentage over 170 beats per minute (HR%≯170), and average HR during the four beat gait stage (HRM@M) of SFGT were calculated. Results were analysed by ANOVA for r...

Heart rate and blood biomarkers in Brazilian gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test

There is little information about biochemical and physiological parameters in Brazilian gaited horses that could be used to develop training and performance evaluation programs. The aims of the current study were to evaluate heart rate (HR) and blood biomarkers in gaited horses during a standardised field gaited test (SGT). Sixteen horses were used to develop an SGT (10 min of warming up, 30 min of marcha gait and 15 min of recovery). Blood samples and HR were collected at rest, after warming up, after 15 (F+15) and 30 (F+30) min of marcha, and after the recovery period. The following blood parameters were measured: glucose, lactate, total plasma protein, haematocrit, urea, creatinine, glutamine, glutamate, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl and K. HR measurement was carried out using an HR monitor. The results were analysed using one- and two-way ANOVA tests, and post-hoc Holm-Sidak tests. Students t-tests were used to compare means, and the Pearsons test was utilised for correlation a...

Efeitos do ozônio nas lesões de reperfusão do jejuno em eqüinos

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ozone on attenuating jejunum reperfusion injury in horses. Vascular obstruction(2h)/reperfusion(12h) was induced and the animals received the following protocols: not treated (n=7, 500ml saline solution) or treated with ozone (n=6, 50µg.kg -1 ). Intestinal samples were histomorphologically examined at 0, 1, 2h (obstructive) and 1, 2, 12h (reperfusion phase). The following scores were significantly attenuated: mucosal region- epithelial loss, neutrophil infiltration and hemorrhage; submucosal region- neutrophil infiltration and edema. These effects may be related to the antioxidant enzyme modulation, or ozone biochemical properties, which interfered with biochemical steps of reperfusion injury. The results indicate an alternative for the treatment of equine acute abdomen.

Aerobic exercise produces changes in plasma IL-6 but not IL-1b in four-beat gaited horses

Exercise is an important stressor and is correlated with cytokine production in several tissues. There is little information about changes in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1b in four-beat gaited horses during a typical aerobic exercise challenge. The objective of this research was to characterise changes in plasma IL-6, IL-1b, cortisol and other blood biomarkers in four-beat gaited horses after a marcha simulation test. We subjected 12 fit horses (approximately 5 years old and 390 kg) to the marcha simulation test (MST) (i.e. a 10 min warm-up, 30 min at marcha and 15 min cool down). Blood samples were collected before the MST, immediately after the MST and 15 and 120 min after the MST (i.e. recovery). Results were analysed with One Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and a Tukey tests with P≤0.05 and Pearson correlation test. The highest value of plasma IL-6 was observed immediately after MST (6.85 pg/ml) (P≥0.05). IL-1 and cortisol did not change (P≥0.05). However, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase...

Efeitos da isquemia e da reperfusão na ocorrência de apoptose no jejuno em eqüinos

The effects of ischemia and reperfusion in apoptosis occurrence in equine were studied. Intestinal samples were taken and biopsy specimens evaluated. Data were analyzed by Friedman test. Schorr and hematoxilin-eosine staining showed shrunken anoykic cells, chromatin condensation, nuclear and cellular fragmentation typical of apoptosis. Significant lower apoptotic index occurred at 2h and 12h of reperfusion in the villous region. No difference was observed in the crypt region. Apoptosis constitutes an important part of cell loss in addition to necrosis.