J.D. Ribeiro Filho

Tratamento da compactação experimental do cólon maior em eqüinos: resultados de laboratório e exames bioquímicos

The effects of isotonic polionic enteral solution, sene plus intravenous (IV) fluid therapy or fluid therapy IV only for the large colon impaction treatment in horses were evaluated. Twenty animals were divided in four groups. Animals of the treated groups had experimentally induced colon impactions. Group C (control) was not treated; group E8 received isotonic polionic enteral solution (8ml/kg/hour/48 hours); group SE received sene (20mg/kg, two doses with 24 hours interval) and ringer lactate IV (10ml/kg/hour/12 hour, during two days), and group RL received ringer lactate IV (16ml/kg/hour/12hour, during two days) only. Animals in the E8 group had hypernatremia, hypercloremia and hyperglycemia. Animals of the SE group had higher concentration of urea, creatinine, osmolality and plasmatic lactate. Ringer lactate IV only, group RL, did not cause alteration in the electrolytic equilibrium. In conclusion, intravenous fluid therapy with Ringer solution alone was the most efficient treatment for biochemical correction in horses with large colon impaction. Fluid therapy was also efficient in minor degree. Sene treatment associated with intravenous fluid therapy had the poorest results among the protocols to normalize biochemical variables.

Compactação no intestino grosso de eqüinos: estudo comparativo de três protocolos de indução

The aim of this study was to evaluate the induction of reversible impaction of the large intestine of horses submitted to restricted water intake and treatment with amitraz (formamidine) associated with furosemide. Eighteen crossbred animals of both sexes ranging from 3 to 16 years old were used. They received hay ad libitum, showed an intermediate body condition score, and were considered clinically healthy. The animals were divided into three groups of six animals. Each group was submitted to one of the following protocols: I - amitraz (0.5 mg/kg IV, three injections q12h), furosemide (1 mg/kg IV, two injections q12h), and no water intake for 48 hours. Clinical examinations were performed at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the beginning of the treatment; II - amitraz (0.5 mg/kg IV, four injections q12h), furosemide (1 mg/kg, four injections q12h), and no water intake for 48 hours. Clinical examinations were performed at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the beginning of the treatment; III - amitraz (0.5 mg/kg IV, seven injections q 8h), furosemide (1 mg/kg IV, four injections q 8h), and no water intake for 72 hours. Clinical examinations were preformed at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of the treatment. Clinical assessment was based on rectal temperature, cardiac and respiratory rates, capillary refill time, intestinal motility, abdominal distention, fecal evaluation, pain, and the degree of impaction. Laboratory tests included hematocrit and concentration of total plasmatic proteins. In conclusion, the protocol III was the most efficient for induction of reversible impaction. This protocol could be a useful tool in controlled studies in the area of equine gastroenterology.

Efeitos do polietilenoglicol 3350 e de soluções acidificantes e alcalinizantes sobre o perfil bioquímico de éguas hígidas

The biochemical profile of five healthy mares treated with polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG); or polyethylene glycol 3350+Ringer lactate intravenous (PEG+RL); or enteral polionic isotonic solution (EPIS); or enteral polionic isotonic solution associated with Ringer lactate intravenous (EPIS+RL); or chloride sodium solution 0.9% (NaCl 0.9%) was evaluated. The parameters evaluated were: sodium, chloride, potassium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, total magnesium, total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, and calculated serum osmolality of venous blood. PEG treatment did not alter biochemical parameters. PEG+RL decreased phosphorus. SIPE decreased phosphorus and increased chloride. The EPIS+RL caused an increase of sodium and NaCl 0.9% caused an increase of chloride and a reduction of serum osmolarity. It is concluded that PEG treatment associated with Ringer lactate solution can cause the appearance of hypophosphatemia, EPIS causes hyperchloremia, NaCl 0.9% decreases the serum osmolality and EPIS+RL causes hypernatremia.

Efeitos do ozônio nas lesões de reperfusão do jejuno em eqüinos

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ozone on attenuating jejunum reperfusion injury in horses. Vascular obstruction(2h)/reperfusion(12h) was induced and the animals received the following protocols: not treated (n=7, 500ml saline solution) or treated with ozone (n=6, 50µg.kg -1 ). Intestinal samples were histomorphologically examined at 0, 1, 2h (obstructive) and 1, 2, 12h (reperfusion phase). The following scores were significantly attenuated: mucosal region- epithelial loss, neutrophil infiltration and hemorrhage; submucosal region- neutrophil infiltration and edema. These effects may be related to the antioxidant enzyme modulation, or ozone biochemical properties, which interfered with biochemical steps of reperfusion injury. The results indicate an alternative for the treatment of equine acute abdomen.

Comportamento de componentes bioquímicos do sangue em equinos submetidos à ozonioterapia

The profile of blood biochemistry variables (glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase) was in vivo monitored in 12 crossbred horses (six males and six females), aging from four to 20-years-old treated with ozone therapy. Treatments were carried out by applying 500 or 1000mL of the mixture oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) via intravenous route, every three days, during 24 days. Horses were assigned to four groups: MT500 (three males given 500mL), MT1000 (three males given 1000mL), FT500 (three females given 500mL) and FT1000 (three females given 1000mL). Ozone therapy by intravenous route caused no clinical changes in the horses. Minimum and maximum mean values of glucose, fibrinogen, creatine phosphokinase, and gamma glutamyltransferase were within the range considered as normal reference for the equine species. There was decrease in glucose and gamma glutamyltransferase concentrations over the period of application, whereas fibrinogen increased and creatine phosphokinase was not affected by the treatment.

Effects of PEG 3350 or an enteral solution associated or not with Ringer lactate, and of NaCl 0.9% on the glucose, lactate, cortisol and insulin of healthy equines

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the plasmatic lactate and glucose, serum insulin and cortisol in healthy non pregnant mares treated with: polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG); or polyethylene glycol 3350 associated with Ringer lactate (PEG+RL), or enteral polionic isotonic solution (EPIS); or enteral polionic isotonic solution associated with Ringer lactate (EPIS+RL); or sodium chloride solution 0.9% (NaCl). Laboratory tests were carried out in the following moments: immediately before the start of treatment (T0h), at six hours (T6h) and at the end of treatment (T12h), with 24 (T24h) and 48 hours (T48h) after T0h. The lactate did not change significantly. There was a slight increase in glucose and insulin values in EPIS caused by the presence of maltodextrin. Cortisol increased in animals from all treatments, but this increase was lower in the animals in EPIS. It is concluded that the treatments did not alter the values of glucose, lactate and insulin in healthy mares and the enteral hydration in continuous flow done in the EPIS treatment caused less stress to the animals.

Efeitos laxativos do polietilenoglicol 3350 e de soluções eletrolíticas em equinos

The intestinal motility, frequency of defecation, moisture and appearance of feces, mean retention time (MRT) and passage rate (RP) of ingesta in the large intestine (li) were compared in five healthy mares treated with: polyethylene glycol 3350 in a single dose of 1.5g kg-1, in bolus, administered enterally (PEG); or for polyethylene glycol 3350 in a single dose of 1.5g kg-1, in bolus, enterally, associated to the Ringer lactate, 15ml kg-1 h-1 by continuous flow of 12 hours, intravenously (PEG+RL); or for enteral isotonic polionic solution, 15ml kg-1 h-1 by continuous flow of 12 hours, enterally (SIPE); or for enteral isotonic polionic solution, 7,5ml kg-1 h-1 by continuous flow of 12 hours, enterally, associated to the Ringer lactate, 7.5mL kg-1 h-1 by continuous flow of 12 hours, intravenously (SIPE+RL); or sodium chloride 0.9 %, 15ml kg-1 h-1 by continuous flow of 12 hours, intravenously (NaCl 0.9%). PEG treatment only slightly softened feces. PEG+RL, SIPE+RL and NaCl 0.9% were more effective in softening the feces and increasing the frequency of defecation than PEG. SIPE was the best to increase the frequency of defecation, to soften the feces, and reduce the TMRli, increasing RPli. It is concluded that the five treatments demonstrated a laxative effect, but SIPE was the most effective.

Efeitos da isquemia e da reperfusão na ocorrência de apoptose no jejuno em eqüinos

The effects of ischemia and reperfusion in apoptosis occurrence in equine were studied. Intestinal samples were taken and biopsy specimens evaluated. Data were analyzed by Friedman test. Schorr and hematoxilin-eosine staining showed shrunken anoykic cells, chromatin condensation, nuclear and cellular fragmentation typical of apoptosis. Significant lower apoptotic index occurred at 2h and 12h of reperfusion in the villous region. No difference was observed in the crypt region. Apoptosis constitutes an important part of cell loss in addition to necrosis.

Uso da somatotropina recombinante bovina em búfalas leiteiras I: produção e composição físico-química do leite

Objetivou-se avaliar a influencia da somatotropina recombinante bovina (rbST) sobre a producao e os constituintes do leite de bufalas entre 63 e 154 dias em lactacao. Foram utilizadas 22 bufalas, distribuidas em dois grupos experimentais: grupo rbST - aplicacao de 500 mg de rbST a cada 14 dias; grupo controle - sem aplicacao de rbST. A cada sete dias, foi aferida a producao de leite de todas as bufalas e coletada uma amostra para analise fisico-quimica. As variaveis produtivas e as oriundas de analises laboratoriais foram avaliadas como medidas repetidas no tempo, utilizando-se o comando Repeated gerado pelo procedimento GLM do SAS. A media dos parâmetros estudados para os grupos rbST e controle foram, respectivamente: producao de leite - 6,54 vs. 6,68 kg; gordura - 6,31 vs. 6,34%; proteina 3,86 vs. 3,81%; lactose - 4,96 vs. 5,02%; solidos totais - 16,05 vs. 16,03%; extrato seco desengordurado - 9,75 vs. 9,74%; contagem de celulas somaticas - 329,90 vs. 171,68 (x 1000/mL); e elecondutividade - 2,87 vs. 2,81mS/cm. A utilizacao de 500mg de rbST administrados quinzenalmente, entre 63 e 154 dias em lactacao nao alterou a producao de leite, a proporcao dos constituintes e a CCS do leite de bufalas leiteiras.