José Ramón de Juanes Pardo
Complutense University of Madrid
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Revista Espanola De Salud Publica | 2002
Paloma Ortega Molina; Paloma Astasio Arbiza; Romana Albaladejo Vicente; M.ª Luisa Gómez Rábago; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; Vicente Domínguez Rojas
Fundamento. Las vacunas son medicamentos termolabiles y para garantizar su inmunogenicidad y eficacia protectora, dentro de los programas de inmunizacion, es imprescindible mantener la cadena de frio. El elemento fundamental en esta cadena es el personal responsable de las vacunas, que debe conocer las caracteristicas de estabilidad de cada preparado con el fin de evitar errores durante su manipulacion. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer como se realiza el mantenimiento de la cadena del frio en equipos de atencion primaria de un area sanitaria de la Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid, asi como establecer el grado de informacion que poseen los responsables de las vacunas con respecto a la termoestabilidad de las mismas. Metodos. Se ha realizado un estudio transversal en 46 puntos de vacunacion en atencion primaria. La recogida de los datos se realizo mediante entrevista personal por un unico investigador. Resultados. La tasa de participacion fue del 93,5% (43/46). En todos los casos existia termometro de maxima y minima y registro mensual de la temperatura. Se observo una temperatura inadecuada en tres ocasiones (6,97%). El porcentaje de profesionales que conocia el efecto que la congelacion producia sobre las vacunas fue muy diverso: 53.5%, 51.2%, 44.2% y 53.5% para difteria-tetanos-pertussis (DTP), hepatitis B (VHB), polio oral (VPO) y rubeola-sarampion-paperas (RSP) respectivamente. Y solo el 32% conocia el test de agitacion. Conclusion. La formacion de los profesionales sobre el efecto que las altas temperaturas ocasionan en las vacunas era correcta, pero es necesario reforzar su formacion sobre la inestabilidad que presentan los preparados adsorbidos cuando se someten a congelacion.
Medicina Clinica | 2004
Aurelia García de Codes Ilario; M. del Pilar Arrazola Martínez; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; M. Inmaculada Sanz Gallardo; Felisa Jaén Herreros; Emilia Lago López
Fundamento y objetivo Los trabajadores sanitarios pueden transmitir el virus de la gripe a pacientes de alto riesgo, por lo que deberian vacunarse antes de la epoca de la gripe. En el presente trabajo pretendemos describir la cobertura de la vacunacion antigripal en los trabajadores de un hospital general y observar su evolucion en los ultimos 2 anos. Sujetos y metodo Estudio epidemiologico descriptivo para determinar la cobertura de la vacunacion antigripal de los trabajadores de un hospital durante las temporadas 2002-2003 y 2003-2004. En cada temporada se han estudiado las variables sexo, edad y categoria profesional. Resultados En cada una de las campanas analizadas se vacunaron 1.215 y 2.287 trabajadores. La cobertura vacunal ha aumentado significativamente (p Conclusiones Se ha observado un aumento significativo de las coberturas vacunales en las 2 temporadas estudiadas, que puede estar en relacion con cambios introducidos en las estrategias informativas y en la realizacion de campanas de vacunacion mas activas, acercando la vacunacion a las areas de trabajo.
Gaceta Sanitaria | 2007
Paloma Ortega Molina; Paloma Astasio Arbiza; Romana Albaladejo Vicente; Pilar Martínez; Rosa Villanueva Orbáiz; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo
Objetivo: Los programas de inmunizacion sistematica dependen en gran medida del correcto mantenimiento y la manipulacion de las vacunas que se aplican, es decir, del perfecto mantenimiento de la cadena del frio. Por ello, nos propusimos realizar una revision sistematica de la literatura medica sobre la cadena del frio y las vacunas, con el objetivo de conocer las practicas diarias en los puntos de vacunacion. Metodos: Se efectuo una busqueda bibliografica en las principales bases medicas entre 1990 y 2005. Se incluyeron los estudios que, mediante encuesta y/o inspeccion a puntos de vacunacion, aportaban datos sobre: designacion de responsable sanitario, existencia de termometro de maximas y minimas, temperatura del frigorifico en el momento de la visita y control y registro de la temperatura. Para todas las variables se calculo la prevalencia media con su intervalo de confianza del 95%. Resultados: Se localizaron 377 articulos, se seleccionaron inicialmente 31 y se incluyeron 13 de ellos. El 72,21% de los puntos de vacunacion tenia un responsable de vacunas, pero solo el 61,43% de ellos conocian el rango optimo de temperaturas. Por otro lado, el 55% de estos puntos tenia un termometro de maxima y minima y solo el 26,88% realizaba controles y registros de temperaturas al menos una vez al dia. Conclusion: En las publicaciones incluidas en el estudio se detectan deficiencias importantes en el mantenimiento de la cadena del frio de las vacunas, que ponen en riesgo la efectividad y la eficiencia de los programas de inmunizacion.
Revista Espanola De Salud Publica | 2004
Aurelia García de Codes Ilario; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; María del Pilar Arrazola Martínez; Felisa Jaén Herreros; María Inmaculada Sanz Gallardo; Emilia Lago López
BACKGROUND: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an occupational hazard among healthcare professionals accidentally contaminated with HIV-positive blood. This study is aimed at describing the characteristics of the accidents involving blood of HIV-positive patients recorded over a sixteen-year period at a general hospital. METHODS: Epidemiological study of the accidents reported in 2001 involving biological material from an HIV-positive source by the healthcare personnel of a general hospital throughout the 1986-2001 period entailing the presence of biological material from HIV-positive serology individuals. Individual, time and place-related variables, in addition to the initial serologies and those throughout the protocolized follow-up were studied for those individuals involved in these accidents. RESULTS: A total 550 accidents entailing an HIV-positive source were reported. The average number of accidents was 34.4/year. The accidental exposure rate for the period under study was 7.5/1000 workers/year. The professional group showing the highest accident rate was the nursing staff (54.4%). Percutaneous injuries were the most frequent (80.2%). The mean exposure rate was 2.6/100 beds/year. The anatomical areas involved to the greatest degree were the fingers (75.6%). A total 53.4% of those injured completed the serological follow-up without having shown any seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS: Throughout the sixteen-year period under study, the annual incidence of accidents involving an HIV-positive source increased from the 27 accidents reported in 1986 to the 60 accidents reported in 1990, there having been a downward trend as of that point in time, to the point of 12 accidents having been recorded in 2001.Fundamento: La contaminacion por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es un riesgo ocupacional para los profesionales sanitarios accidentados contaminados con sangre positiva al VIH. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir las caracteristicas de los accidentes registrados durante dieciseis anos en un hospital general con sangre o fluidos biologicos procedentes de pacientes VIH positivos, determinar las tasas de exposicion accidental en las diferentes categorias profesionales y comprobar el seguimiento realizado por los trabajadores del protocolo de accidentes establecido. Metodos: Estudio descriptivo en un hospital general de Madrid durante el periodo 1986 a 2001, de los accidentes con presencia de material biologico procedente de personas con serologia VIH positiva. Se han estudiado variables del profesional accidentado relacionadas con persona, lugar y tiempo, ademas de las serologias al inicio y durante el seguimiento protocolizado. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se declararon 550 accidentes con fuente VIH positiva. La media fue de 34,4 de accidentes por ano. La tasa de exposicion fue de 7,5 por cada 1.000 trabajadores-ano. El colectivo profesional con mayor frecuencia de accidentes fue el personal de enfermeria (54,4%). Las lesiones percutaneas fueron las mas frecuentes (80,2%). La tasa media de exposicion ha sido de 2,6 por cada 100 camas-ano. Las zonas anatomicas mas afectadas fueron los dedos de la mano (75,6%). El 53,6% de los accidentados finalizo el seguimiento serologico, sin registrarse ninguna seroconversion. Conclusiones: Durante los dieciseis anos de estudio, la incidencia anual de accidentes con fuente VIH positiva fue en aumento desde los 27 accidentes declarados en 1986 hasta los 60 accidentes en 1990, con una tendencia descendente desde ese momento hasta contabilizarse 12 accidentes en el ano 2001.
Gaceta Sanitaria | 2007
Paloma Ortega Molina; Paloma Astasio Arbiza; Romana Albaladejo Vicente; Pilar Martínez; Rosa Villanueva Orbáiz; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo
OBJECTIVE Systematic immunization programmes mostly depend on the correct maintenance and manipulation of the vaccines to be used, i.e. perfect maintenance of the cold chain. Therefore, we decided to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the cold chain and vaccines, to identify daily practices in vaccine sites. METHODS A literature search was performed in the main medical databases for documents published between 1990 and 2005, including those performed by means of a survey and/or inspection of vaccine sites that provided the following data: a designated health officer, availability of a thermometer with maximums and minimums, refrigerator temperature at the time of the visit, and temperature control and registration. For all the variables, the mean prevalence was calculated with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-seven articles were found; 31 were initially selected and 13 were finally included. In 72.21% of the vaccine points, there was an officer responsible for the vaccines, but only 61.43% knew the optimal temperature range. Fifty-five percent of these points had a thermometer with maximums and minimums and only 26.88% carried out temperature controls and registrations at least once per day. CONCLUSION Important shortfalls were detected in cold chain maintenance in all selected articles, jeopardizing the effectiveness and efficiency of immunization programs.
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica | 2015
M. Pilar Arrazola Martínez; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; Aurelia García de Codes Ilario
One area of major importance in promoting health is the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. Vaccine is any preparation intended to generate immunity against a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. There are two basic types: live attenuated and inactivated, with different characteristics that determine their use. The main properties of a vaccine are safety and protective efficacy. The vaccines can be administered based on individualized directions depending on various factors (personal, environmental…), or systematically as part of the immunization schedules. In Spain, the first childhood immunization schedule was implemented in 1975. The Autonomous Communities are currently responsible for establishing vaccine recommendations. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination coverage are essential criteria for the evaluation of vaccination programs. In Spain the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is low. Vaccination coverage is high in childhood, but in adolescents, adults and groups at risk it is not always appropriate.One area of major importance in promoting health is the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. Vaccine is any preparation intended to generate immunity against a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. There are two basic types: live attenuated and inactivated, with different characteristics that determine their use. The main properties of a vaccine are safety and protective efficacy. The vaccines can be administered based on individualized directions depending on various factors (personal, environmental…), or systematically as part of the immunization schedules. In Spain, the first childhood immunization schedule was implemented in 1975. The Autonomous Communities are currently responsible for establishing vaccine recommendations. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination coverage are essential criteria for the evaluation of vaccination programs. In Spain the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is low. Vaccination coverage is high in childhood, but in adolescents, adults and groups at risk it is not always appropriate.
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica | 2015
M. Pilar Arrazola Martínez; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; Aurelia García de Codes Ilario
One area of major importance in promoting health is the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. Vaccine is any preparation intended to generate immunity against a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. There are two basic types: live attenuated and inactivated, with different characteristics that determine their use. The main properties of a vaccine are safety and protective efficacy. The vaccines can be administered based on individualized directions depending on various factors (personal, environmental…), or systematically as part of the immunization schedules. In Spain, the first childhood immunization schedule was implemented in 1975. The Autonomous Communities are currently responsible for establishing vaccine recommendations. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination coverage are essential criteria for the evaluation of vaccination programs. In Spain the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is low. Vaccination coverage is high in childhood, but in adolescents, adults and groups at risk it is not always appropriate.One area of major importance in promoting health is the prevention of infectious diseases through vaccination. Vaccine is any preparation intended to generate immunity against a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies. There are two basic types: live attenuated and inactivated, with different characteristics that determine their use. The main properties of a vaccine are safety and protective efficacy. The vaccines can be administered based on individualized directions depending on various factors (personal, environmental…), or systematically as part of the immunization schedules. In Spain, the first childhood immunization schedule was implemented in 1975. The Autonomous Communities are currently responsible for establishing vaccine recommendations. The incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccination coverage are essential criteria for the evaluation of vaccination programs. In Spain the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases is low. Vaccination coverage is high in childhood, but in adolescents, adults and groups at risk it is not always appropriate.
Medicina Y Seguridad Del Trabajo | 1997
José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; María del Pilar Arrazola Martínez; Felisa Jaén Herreros
Medicina preventiva y salud pública, 2015, ISBN 978-84-458-2605-8, págs. 217-227 | 2015
Enrique Regidor Poyatos; Estrella Miqueleiz; María E. Calle; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; Vicente Domínguez Rojas; Fernando Rodríguez Artalejo
Vacunas | 2005
M.P. Arrazola Martínez; José Ramón de Juanes Pardo; Aurelia García de Codes Ilario