José Reinaldo Mendes Ruas

Efeito da base genética materna e da estação de parição sobre variáveis produtivas de fêmeas primíparas Holandês x Zebu

Productive variables of 78 crossbred Holstein x Zebu primiparous cows of Gir or Guzera maternal genetic basis, calved in the dry or rainy season were evaluated using the GLM procedure of the SAS. The calving season affected the weight at calving (WC), body condition score at calving (BCS), service period (SP) and calving interval (CI). The WC and BCS were higher (P<0.05) por cows calved in the dry season, 475.19±39.81kg and 4.07±0.44, than in the rainy season, 420.67±37.80kg and 3.62±0.37, respectively. The SP and CI were shorter (P<0.05) for cows calved in the dry season, 132.02±91.94 days and 13.90±3.06 months, than cows calved in the rainy season, 190.07±77.27 days e 15.84±2.58 months, respectively. The Gir based cows had higher milk yield, longer lactation period and higher milk yield per day of calving interval than the Guzera based cows, respectively, 2276.15±656.47kg, 306.08±46.55 days, 5.06±1.38kg/day for the Gir and 1733.74±678.41kg, 265.62±67.11 days, 4.37±1.68kg/day for the Guzera based cows.

Potencial reprodutivo de touros da raça Nelore submetidos a diferentes proporções touro: vaca

This study evaluated the reproductive potential of 20 Nelore bulls, submitted to different bull:cow ratio. Correlations among the serum testosterone concentration, scrotal circumference, sperm quality and libido were also estimated. The bulls selected by andrologic evaluation and the libido test were alloted to the following bull:cow ratio (treatments): 1:25 (T1), 1:50 (T2), 1:75 (T3) e 1:100 (T4), with five replicates per treatment. Blood samples were collected to determine serum testosterone concentration. Semen physical and morphologic characteristics, scrotal circumference and libido of the bulls did not differ among treatments. The pregnancy rate of the cows was not affected by treatments (means of 42.1, 66.5 and 71.0 % for breeding season of 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively). The testosterone concentration was not affected by treatments and the mean serum testosterone concentration was 4.04ng/ml, which peaked at 9am. The correlations between the libido, semen physical and morphologic characteristics, and the scrotal circumference of the bulls were low. Nelore bulls with good sperm quality and libido supported a large number of cows, and the bull:cow ratio of 1:100 did not reduce the pregnancy rate.

Estudo técnico e econômico de um sistema de produção de leite com gado mestiço F1 Holandês-Zebu

The economic viability of a milk production system with crossbred (F1) cattle, through analysis of costs and income of the activity and assessment of benefit/total income index was evaluated. Data were from the Research Experimental Unit of EPAMIG, located at Felixlandia City, Minas Gerais State, and refer to two equal periods of 1 year each. The following parameters were analyzed: benefit/total income, raising cost of calves and its importance upon income. The viability of the system was demonstrated by the benefit/total income index of 20.2% and 37.6% for year 1 and 2, respectively. The calf sale accounted for 25% of the total income.

Dry matter yield, thermal sum and base temperatures in irrigated tropical forage plants

The present study aimed to estimate the basal temperature and thermal sum for the following tropical forage plants: Brachiaria decumbens, cultivar Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Marandu; Brachiaria brizantha, cultivar Xaraes; Panicum maximum, cultivar Mombaca; Panicum maximum, cultivar Tanzania; and Cynodon spp, cultivar Tifton 85, in ten cutting seasons, under irrigation. The climatic data were collected in an automatic weather ministration installed in the experimental area and used for irrigation management. The relative development or regression equation method was used to calculate the basal temperature. The estimated basal temperature values were 15.4; 10.5; 14.2; 13.4; 12.4 and 15.1 oC and the demands were of 2,088.1; 3,542.5; 2,486.5; 2,838.5; 2,701.7 and 2,134.5 degree days for cultivars Basilisk, Marandu, Mombaca, Tanzania, Xaraes and Tifton 85, respectively. The relative development method revealed linearity between plant development and room temperature. Basal temperature can help elaborate climatic zoning for forage species in Brazil and allow the selection of the best suited species for each region in Brazil.

Lactation curves of four genetic groups of Holstein-Zebu crossbred cows

Lactation curves were fitted from 1,340 lactations of F1 Holstein-Gyr, Holstein-Guzerat, Holstein-Nellore and Holstein-Undefined Zebu crossbred cows from two farms with milk controls carried out every 14 days. Nutritional management was based on pastures in the summer, and corn silage and sugar cane with urea during winter and concentrated rations in the milking, according to the production. Incomplet Gamma function was used for estimating parameters of curves, production during lactation peak and of the time from the beginning of lactation to the peak, of persistence and total milk production. Within each genetic group, curves were adjusted for the several lactation orders. Adjusted coefficients of determination were higher than 90% for most of the curves; therefore Incomplete Gamma function adequately fitted lactation curves of F1 Holstein-Zebu cows. Curves showed initial production followed by upward phase until lactation peak and downward phase subsequent to the peak. For fifth or higher orders of Holstein-Nellore, the curve was linear and downward from the beginning. The differences among curves of the first order and others were evident for all genetic groups. Differences among initial production and production during lactation peak were not expressive, with the following means for all lactation orders: mean 2.3 kg for Holstein-Gir; 2.6 kg for Holstein-Guzerat; 1.2 kg for Holstein-Nellore and 3.5 kg for Holstein-Undefined Zebu, showing a discreet lactation peak. The mean from the beginning of lactation to the peak was 23.3 days ranging from 15.8 for Holstein-Nellore group to 32.6 days for Holstein-Undefinied Zebu. Persistence of lactation tended to decrease and initial productions, during the peak and total production increased according to lactation order. In general, Holstein-Undefinied Zebu cows show higher total production and persistence compared to the others.

Características da dinâmica folicular e regressão luteal de vacas das raças Gir e Nelore após tratamento com cloprostenol sódico

ABSTRACT - The follicular dynamics and luteal regression were studied in 12 Gir and seven Nelore cows, treated with analogprostaglandin F 2 α, between day 10 and 12 of the estrous cycle. The synchronization rate was higher than 92% for the two breeds, andthe ovulation of second dominant follicle occurred in 72.7% of Gir and all Nelore cows. Ovulatory follicle diameter for Nelore was lower(11.0 ± 0.9 mm) than Gir cows (13.0 ± 1.7 mm). The average intervals from treatment to estrus, treatment to ovulation time and fromthe beginning of the estrus to ovulation were 88.7 and 91.6h, 119 and 113h, 26.5 and 24.3h for Nelore and Gir cows, respectivel y.Key Words: bovine, corpus luteum, estrus synchronization, luteolitic, zebu 1 Parte da tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor, parcialmente financiada pela FAPEMIG. 2 Med.Vet. autonomo – DsC – Rua Cap. Neves , 408. CEP: 37.170-000 B. Esperanca – MG. Bolsista do CNPq. E.mail: amborges@hotmail. com 3 Professor do Departamento de Zootecnia da UFV – Av. PH Holfs, s/n

Concentração plasmática de progesterona em novilhas receptoras submetidas à administração de rbST, GnRH ou hCG no quinto dia do ciclo estral

The ability of different hormones administered on day five of the estrous cycle to induce the ovulation of the first wave dominant follicle (FWDF) and to form an accessory corpus luteum (CLa), and the respective effects on plasma progesterone concentrations were studied in recipient heifers. Fifty-two crossbred Holstein-Zebu heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments: T1-control, T2-subcutaneous administration of 500mg of rbST, T3-intramuscular administration of 100mg of GnRH and T4-administration of 3000IU of hCG (1000IU endovenous and 2000IU intramuscular). Transrectal palpation was performed on days 5, 13 and 60 to check original corpus luteum, CLa and pregnancy, respectively. CLa formation was as follow: T1-0/12 (0.0%), T2-0/13 (0.0%), T3-5/12 (41.7%) and T4-10/15 (66.7%), being T1 and T2 different from T3 and T4 (P<0.05). Plasma progesterone concentration (ng/ml) was determined by radioimmunoassay from blood samples collected from jugular vein on days 5, 13, 17 and 21. Thirty-two embryos, T1=8, T2=8, T3=7 and T4=9, were transferred to recipients at day 7. Only heifers not receiving embryos were collected on days 17 and 21. Differences on plasma progesterone concentration were observed only on day 13. The values were T1=5.01± 1.04, T2=4.80± 1.26, T3=6.42± 1.47 and T4=11.16± 2.79, being T3 different from T1, T2 and T4, and T4 different from T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.05). No differences between pregnancy rates, T1=37.5% (3/8), T2=62.5% (5/8), T3=28.6% (2/7) e T4=33.3% (3/9), were found. These results showed that the FWDF on day 5 is capable to respond to GnRH-analog and hCG, to ovulate and forme an accessory corpus luteum, which allows for an endogenous increase in plasma progesterone concentration in heifers on day 13 of the estrous cycle, the critical period for establishment of pregnancy in bovine.

Effect of protein supplementation at pasture on forage intake, weight gain and body condition, in Nellore cows

Fifty-one postpartum Nellore cows were used to study the effect of the utilization of protein concentrate, during the summer time, on the forage intake, weight gain and body condition score changes after parturition of Nellore cows. The animals were randomly allotted in the following treatments: T0 - without supplementation; T1 - supplemented with 1 kg and T2 - supplemented with 2 kg of concentrate with 40.8% of crude protein, during 105 days. During this period, body score and body weight were determined. In order to determine the intake, an external marker chromium oxide, in a daily dose of 20 g, and an internal marker (indigestible FDA of extrusa collected by esophageal fistula) were used. The supplementation with concentrate did not affect the dry matter (DM) intake from the pasture, that was around 9.87 kg DM/day, corresponding to 2.13% of the live weight, but the total DM intake was greater in the animals of T1 and T2. Body condition score, daily weight gain and final weight of the cows were greater in the supplemented animals as compared to the non-supplemented treatment. There was no difference among the calves weights at the end of the experimental period.

Environmental and genetic effects on the lactation curves of four genetic groups of crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of genetic group and environmental factors, including farm of origin, season of calving and lactation number, on the individual lactation curves of 1,010 Holstein-Gyr, Guzerat-Holstein, Holstein-Nellore, and Holstein-Zebu F1 cows on the experimental farms of the Agricultural Research Company in Minas Gerais (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria de Minas Gerais, EPAMIG). Least squares analysis and the incomplete gamma function were used to investigate differences in early milk yield, peak milk yield, time from onset to the lactation peak, persistency, total milk yield and lactation duration. The highest early yields were observed for Holstein-Gyr and Holstein-Zebu, and the lowest were observed for Holstein-Nellore cows. Early yield increased with lactation number, and the lactations that began in the late rainy and early dry seasons had the highest early yield. The time between lactation onset and the lactation peak was longer for primiparous Holstein-Gyr and Holstein-Guzerat cows. The lowest yields at the lactation peak were observed for the first lactation number. The highest values of persistency were observed for the first lactation number in Holstein-Guzerat cows. Total production from Holstein-Gyr and Holstein-Zebu cows were higher by approximately 14% and 29% compared with Holstein-Guzerat and Holstein-Nellore cows, respectively. The highest total yields were observed in lactations beginning in the dry season. Total yield increased with lactation number. The shortest lactation periods were observed in lactations beginning late in the rainy season. The incomplete gamma function was used to fit the individual curves from the genetic groups evaluated. The total yield differences were linked to early yields and yields at the peak of lactation.

Desenvolvimento folicular no pós-parto de vacas da raça Gir tratadas com acetato de buserelina (GnRH) ou gonadotrofina coriônica humana (hCG)

This experiment was carried out with 22 anestrus Gir cows (Bos indicus), with the postpartum follicular growth studied in 15 of these suckling and kept on pasture, while the seven others were used only for hormonal treatments. Daily real time ultrasonography was done from 4th to the 50th day, using B-mode ultrasound scanner equipped with a linear array 5.0MHz probe. No animal showed estrus, ovulation or follicular luteinization during de experimental period. Four to eight follicular waves emerged each six or seven days and maximum diameter of dominant and subordinate follicles were 8.9±0.6mm and 6.3±0.7mm, respectively. On day 56 of postpartum all cows were separated in two groups: 11 cows were treated either with 4.2 mg of buserelin acetate and 11 with 3,000UI of hCG. Ovulation, follicular regression and luteinization were observed in the two treatments animals, and one new follicular wave emerged within two to three days after the hormonal treatments. Small size corpus luteum and progesterone concentrations under 1ng/mL showed lower luteal activity.