Josely Dantas Fernandes

Fenologia e produção do pinhão-manso cultivado com diferentes fontes de adubação

Objetivou-se com este trabalho descrever os periodos de formacao de folhas novas, abscisao foliar, inflorescencia e maturacao dos frutos do pinhao-manso, Jatropha curcas L., bem como, determinar algumas variaveis de producao desta especie em dois ciclos de cultivo adubada com diferentes fontes de adubacao no municipio de Remigio-PB. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por diferentes fontes de adubacao. Durante os meses de maio de 2007 a novembro de 2009 fez-se avaliacoes mensais dos eventos fenologicos e de producao do pinhao-manso. Independente do tratamento utilizado, a formacao de folhas novas foi observada durante o periodo chuvoso e a abscisao foliar durante os meses mais frios e os de maior estiagem. A floracao, no primeiro ciclo de cultivo, iniciou-se com o fim da estacao chuvosa com a utilizacao do composto orgânico II (F3), ja no segundo ciclo, as primeiras inflorescencias foram observadas no inicio da estacao chuvosa nas plantas adubadas com composto orgânico I (F2) e esterco de curral (F5). Em todos os tratamentos o tempo verificado entre a emissao das inflorescencias ate a maturacao fisiologicas dos frutos foi de aproximadamente 120 dias. Na primeira colheita, as fontes de adubacao nao diferiram entre si em nenhuma variavel de producao, entretanto, na segunda colheita, alem de haver um aumento na producao, o composto orgânico I (F2) e o esterco de curral (F5) foram os que promoveram os melhores resultados.

Soil Chemical Amendments and the Macronutrients Mobility Evaluation in Oxisol Treated With Biochar

Biochar is material produced during a process called pyrolysis. This material can be used as fertilizer to increase the agronomic productivity of low fertility soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil chemical amendments and the macronutrients leaching following biochar application, produced from poultry litter, in Yellow Red Latosol in laboratory experiments. Soil columns (height 20 cm) containing 0; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 t ha-1 of biochar with four replications totaled 24 experimental units. For 30 days, water was applied daily to each column, and the leachates were collected and chemically characterized. After this period, soil samples were taken from the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layer depth and chemically characterized. Biochar reduced exchangeable acidity values. Biochar improved soil fertility. Leachates contained increasing EC, K, Na, Ca and Mg, however the concentration of these elements were small in relation to the biochar doses.

Monitoring, calibration and maintenance of optimized nutrient solutions in curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) hydroponic cultivation

The monitoring, calibration and maintenance of nutrient solutions are fundamental for the development of hydroponic lettuce. This study aimed to monitor temperature, electrical conductivity, hydrogen potential and consumption of nutrient solution, besides evaluating the effectiveness of the Microsoft Office Excel solver tool in the calibration of different mineral and organomineral nutrient solutions in the NFT hydroponic cultivation of curly lettuce. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with three replicates and the treatments consisted of four mineral solutions proposed by Furlani, Bernardes, Ueda and Castellane and Ara jo, besides four organomineral nutrient solutions, proposed in this research, with chemical composition similar to the previously cited ones. For 24 days, the nutrient solutions were monitored and the variations of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and nutrient solution consumption by the crop were measured. Calibrations were made using the Microsoft Excel SOLVER tool, using as reference an EC of 1.5 dS m-1 and nutrient solution volume of 17 L. During the experiment, regardless of the nutrient solution (modified and mineral), temperature showed maximum and minimum values of 28.7 and 21.5 degreesC, respectively, and pH variation was lower in the modified nutrient solutions. Water consumption was higher with the use of mineral solutions, in comparison to the organomineral solutions with the same chemical composition. The SOLVER tool was efficient and easily used in the calibration and maintenance of electrical conductivity and volume of the nutrient solutions.

Production of lettuce genotypes in hydroponic system using different organo-mineral nutrient solutions

Mineral solutions are widely used in hydroponic cultivation but little is known about the use of organo-mineral solutions. With this focus, the present study aimed to evaluate the production of three green-leaf lettuce genotypes (Thais, Vanda and Veronica) in eight nutrient solutions, in NFT hydroponic system, set up in gutters. Four mineral solutions were used in this experiment, referred to as the respective names of the authors (Bernardes, Furlani, Castellane and Araujo, and Ueda). Moreover, four organo-mineral solutions (using biofertilizers in their formulation) were applied, totally eight nutrient solutions. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks in split plots with three replicates. The main plots consisted of eight nutrient solutions and three lettuce cultivars were assigned in subplots (including six plants per subplot). Lettuce production was evaluated 25 days after transplanting, through the determination of shoot fresh phytomass (SFP), root fresh phytomass (RFP), shoot dry phytomass (SDP) and root dry phytomass (RDP). Production variables were not influenced by the interactive effect of the studied factors. Individually, the nutrient solutions influenced the production parameters and there was variation among the lettuce cultivars only for root fresh phytomass. Higher commercial production of lettuce was obtained with the mineral solutions of Bernardes, Furlani, and Castellane and Araujo.

Economic viability of lettuce (Lactuca sativa, L.) grown in hydroponic system with different optimized nutrient solutions

Hydroponic cultivation is characterized by high initial costs compared with conventional cultivation. This study discusses the economic viability of implementing a hydroponic system for lettuce production with different mineral and organomineral nutrient solutions through simulation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with split plots and three replicates. Plots consisted of eight nutrient solutions: four mineral solutions, with chemical compositions proposed by Bernardes, Castellane and Araújo, Furlani, and Ueda, and four solutions with chemical compositions similar to those previously cited, but modified in the present research with the utilization of biofertilizer in the composition, to produce four organomineral nutrient solutions. Subplots consisted of three varieties of curly lettuce: Verônica, Vanda and Thaís. After harvesting, lettuce plants were separately weighed according to the treatments and, from this information, the selling price was determined based on research conducted in major supermarkets in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. The calculation of expenses took into account the effective operating cost, total operating costs and the total production cost. According to the simulation, regardless of the cultivar used, lettuce hydroponic cultivation had higher annual profit, with values of US

Crambe Growth in a Soil Amended with Biochar and under Saline Irrigation

18,880.00 and 18,730.00, using the mineral nutrient solutions of Furlani and Bernardes, respectively. Among the organomineral nutrient solutions, the Furlani solution when used in the production of the cultivar Verônica led to annual profit of US

Yield and Quality Castor and Jatropha Oil as a Function of Organic and Mineral Fertilizer

11,440.00.

Salinity effects on development and productivity of crambe (Crambe abyssinica) under greenhouse conditions.

ABSTRACT Biochar is the term given to biomass subjected to the process of change in the composition by the action of high temperatures. Advantages of biochar in soil quality have been reported, including amelioration of salinity effects. Crambe has great potential to figure as raw material for biofuel, since it naturally contains up to 60% of erucic acid. This study evaluated crambe growth in a soil amended with biochar and irrigated with saline waters. A greenhouse experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with five levels of biochar, two irrigation water supplies, and four replications. Parameters related to soil chemical properties, crambe growth, oil, and macronutrient contents were evaluated. Biochar presented significance for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) contents. Crambe growth parameters decreased with the doses of biochar. Oil and macronutrient contents were in accordance to previous studies.

PONTO DE EFEITO SALINO NULO E CARGAS ELÉTRICAS DE SOLOS DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA

The oil extracted from seeds of the Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) has many industrial applications. However, today has given emphasis to its use in biodiesel production. Thus, the experiment was conducted during the period from 2007 to 2009, in the field and upland in Jacare farm in the City of Remigio-PB, in order to evaluate the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer in Castor Bean and Jatropha aiming to yield and also checking the quality of their oils. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications of five treatments: absolute control (F1), waste compost I (F2), waste compost II (enriched with rock powder) (F3), mineral fertilizer (F4) and manure (F5). After harvesting the crops, it was taken from each treatment a portion of 3 kg of grain, and extracting oil from them by the method of cold pressing and chemically analyzed. Independent from the source of fertilizer, the oil content in Castor Seeds surpassed Jatropha; the sources of fertilizer significantly influenced the yield of castor oil and Jatropha; the highest yield of castor oil and Jatropha were verified with organic fertilizer using waste compost II (44.37% and 27.58%, respectively); for physics-chemical analysis, the oils of castor and Jatropha showed good quality according to specifications of the American Oil Chemists Society.