Hans Raj Gheyi

Emergência, crescimento e produção da mamoneira sob estresse salino e adubação nitrogenada

The use of saline water in agriculture is becoming a reality in many regions of the world, given the increased demand for fresh water, both for irrigated agriculture, as well as for urban and industrial supply. In this context, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels in irrigation water, associated with amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, on the emergence, growth and yield of the castor bean, cv. BRS Energia, in an experiment where plants were maintained in lysimeters under field conditions, at the CCTA / UFCG. A randomised block design in a 5 x 5 factorial with three replications was used to study the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.4, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) associated with five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the dose recommended for testing in pots). The salinity of the irrigation water from 0.4 dS m-1 affects negatively and in a linear manner the percentage of emergence (PE), the emergence speed index (IVE), plant height (AP), the stem diameter (DC), the shoot dry-weight (FSPA) and root dry-weight (FSRaiz) and the seed mass of the primary raceme (MSemRP), whereas increasing levels of nitrogen caused an increase in DC, FSPA and FSRaiz. The application of increasing doses of N reduced the effect of salinity on the DC and FSRaiz of the castor bean cv. BRS Energia.

Produção de aquênio do girassol irrigado com água salobra

The aim of this study was to determine yield components and achene production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) variety Embrapa 122/V-2000 irrigated with water of different salinities in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of six levels of salinity of irrigation water (ECw), N1 - 0.5, N2 - 1.0; N3 - 2.0; N4 - 3.0; N5 - 4.0 and N6 - 5.0 dS m-1 at 25 oC in a randomized design with five replications. The internal diameter of the chapter, number of seeds, weight of 100 seeds, the total mass of seeds, dry weight of shoot and root, ratio of dry weight of root and shoot, water consumption, electrical conductivity of drainage water and the saturation extract of soil. The total mass of seeds and number of seeds decreased 11.39 and 9.64%, respectively, with per unit increase in electrical conductivity of irrigation water, the root dry mass was more affected by salinity of irrigation water than dry mass of aerial parts, salinity levels of drainage water at the end of experiment were about 2.2 times of electrical conductivity of saturation extract.

Cultivo de girassol em sistema hidropônico sob diferentes níveis de salinidade

Hydroponic systems have constituted an alternative for combating the adverse natural factors of agricultural production in the semi-arid regions of Brazil, such as shallow rocky and infertile soils, and the scarcity of good quality water resources (high salt content). This work studied the yield of the sunflower (variety EMBRAPA 122/V-2000) destined for achene and fodder (phytomass) production, grown hydroponically, using coconut fiber as substrate and irrigated with brackish water of varying salinities. The experimental layout used was completely randomized into a 5 x 2 factorial design with three replications, five levels of water salinity and two planting density - with one or two plants per pot being studied. The irrigation water was composed of 50% standard nutrient solution and 50% municipal water supply, with added levels of NaCl, resulting in an eletrical conductivity (ECw) of 1.7; 4.3; 6.0; 9.0 and 11.5 dS m-1. The differential density of the sunflower plants positively affected the yield components of grain and biomass, showing greater viability when using two plants per pot.

Doses de boro e água residuária na produção do girassol

The availability of water of quality has become worldwide, a major constraint to expanding agricultural frontiers. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of boron doses and irrigation with two types of water, wastewater and municipal supply water, on yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cv. EMBRAPA 122/V-2000. The study was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande, in a randomized block design, analyzed in a 5 x 2 factorial with five B of boron (0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 mg L-1) combined with two types of irrigation water (R - wastewater and AB - municipal supply water) with three replications. Statistical analysis consisted of analysis of variance (F test) and means were compared by Tukey test to compare qualitative factors at 0.05 probability. It was found that the boron levels and types of water did not affect any varieble related to production of seeds, however, irrigation with wastewater variables positively influenced the fresh and dry leaves, stem and shoot all related to forage production.

Cultivo de flores com o uso de água residuária e suplementação mineral

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium in production of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonni), commercial type Rambo, using two types of water (residual of urban origin and muncipality supply water) for irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, from October 2006 to January 2007, covering a complete cycle of production. The experimental design was in a completely randomized blocks with three replications and the treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme, where the factors consisted of increasing levels of nitrogen (N1 = 100, N2 = 200 and N3 = 300 mg L-1) and potassium (K1 = 100, K2 = 200, K3 = 300 and K4 = 400 mg L-1) added to a solution of phosphorus (P = 50 mg L-1) with the use of two types of water (A1 = supply A2 = residual water of urban origin). The variables monitored were: number of buttons and interval between emission of flower buds, number of flowers collected and interval between flower pickings, flower diameter and stem length. The increase of nitrogen in spite of increasing the number of buttons and reducing the interval between the emissions of flower buttons, caused negative effect on the quality of flowers produced, while the increase in potassium was beneficial. The use of wastewater resulted in significant improvement in productivity and reduction in the interval between flower pickings without significant effect on the quality of flowers produced. There were no significant interactions among the factors studied.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium in production of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonni), commercial type Rambo, using two types of water (residual of urban origin and muncipality supply water) for irrigation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, at the Federal University of Campina Grande, from October 2006 to January 2007, covering a complete cycle of production. The experimental design was in a completely randomized blocks with three replications and the treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 x 2 factorial scheme, where the factors consisted of increasing levels of nitrogen (N1 = 100, N2 = 200 and N3 = 300 mg L-1) and potassium (K1 = 100, K2 = 200, K3 = 300 and K4 = 400 mg L-1) added to a solution of phosphorus (P = 50 mg L-1) with the use of two types of water (A1 = supply A2 = residual water of urban origin). The variables monitored were: number of buttons and interval between emission of flower buds, number of flowers collected and interval between flower pickings, flower diameter and stem length. The increase of nitrogen in spite of increasing the number of buttons and reducing the interval between the emissions of flower buttons, caused negative effect on the quality of flowers produced, while the increase in potassium was beneficial. The use of wastewater resulted in significant improvement in productivity and reduction in the interval between flower pickings without significant effect on the quality of flowers produced. There were no significant interactions among the factors studied.

Qualidade de flores de girassóis ornamentais irrigados com águas residuária e de abastecimento

O uso de agua residuaria tratada vem sendo praticado na atividade agricola e tende a ser uma alternativa economica e ambiental para o cultivo de flores, principalmente de corte, em que o produto final nao tem contato direto com a agua. Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de flores de genotipos de girassol para corte irrigados com aguas residuaria e de abastecimento em sistema orgânico de cultivo. O ensaio foi conduzido em ambiente protegido pertencente a Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - PB, Brasil, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com 3 repeticoes e 2 plantas por parcela, sendo 4 genotipos de girassol (EMBRAPA 122/V2000 - G1, Sol Noturno - G2, Sol Vermelho - G3 e Debilis Creme - G4), combinadas com 2 aguas de irrigacao (agua de abastecimento - A1 e agua residuaria tratada oriunda de esgoto domestico tratado - A2). A pratica do reuso se mostrou significativamente melhor para as variaveis de altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, numero de folhas, diâmetros externo e interno de capitulo, alem de numero de petalas. O melhor genotipo, de maneira geral, foi o Sol Noturno, que se destacou sobremaneira no periodo pos-colheita, com o melhor resultado de durabilidade.

Acúmulo de matéria seca, absorção e exportação de micronutrientes em variedades de bananeira sob irrigação

Para estimativa da demanda de micronutrientes pela bananeira (Musa spp.) e fundamental que se conhecam as quantidades de materia seca e de micronutrientes acumuladas na planta e exportadas pelo cacho. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o acumulo de materia seca e de micronutrientes em seis variedades de bananeira sob irrigacao. Foram amostradas plantas das variedades Grande Naine, Pacovan, Pacovan-Apodi, Prata-Ana, Terrinha e Gross Michel. As variedades foram plantadas em fileiras duplas, sendo 1.666 covas por hectare. Na epoca da colheita, foram escolhidas quatro touceiras de plantas de cada variedade para amostragem da planta-mae, que foi dividida em rizoma, pseudocaule, peciolo, limbo, engaco e frutos. Foram feitas pesagens para a determinacao da materia fresca de cada parte da planta-mae de uma mesma touceira e retirada uma amostra de aproximadamente 700 g dessas partes para determinacao do acumulo de materia seca e dos teores de micronutrientes. As amostras foram lavadas rapidamente com agua de torneira, depois com agua destilada e colocadas sobre as bancadas de uma casa de vegetacao para pre-secagem. Posteriormente, foram colocadas em sacos de papel e levadas para uma estufa de circulacao forcada de ar para obtencao do acumulo de materia seca e determinacao dos teores de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. As variedades Pacovan, Prata Ana e Pacovan-Apodi acumularam maiores quantidades de materia seca e de micronutrientes, quando comparadas com as variedades Grande Naine, Gross Michel e Terrinha, sendo a seguinte ordem decrescente de acumulo e de exportacao de micronutrientes: Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu.

Produtividade e qualidade de melão sob manejo com água de salinidade crescente

In semi-arid regions, irregular rainfall and scarcity of good quality water contribute to the use of saline water for irrigation. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the effects of saline water use in the yield and quality of melon fruits. Treatments consisted of two melon cultivars (Sancho - C 1 and Medellin - C 2 ) irrigated with low (S 1 = 0.61 dS m -1 ) and high (S 2 = 4.78 dS m -1 ) salinity water levels, for each phenological stage. The experimental design was split-plot randomized blocks, with six irrigation management strategies and two cultivars (6x2), with four replications. The results showed that the total and commercial number of fruits were influenced by the saline water management strategies. The irrigation management with good quality water, during two days, followed by saline water, for one day, enabled the commercial production of melon, with a reduction of 33% in the good quality water use.

Trocas gasosas e conteúdo de carboidratos e compostos nitrogenados em pinhão‑manso irrigado com águas residuária e salina

The objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in gas exchange and in the contents of carbohydrates and nitrogen compounds in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) irrigated with wastewater and saline water. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with four treatments and four replicates: irrigation with tap water at 0.6 dS m -1 (control); full irrigation with saline tap water at 2.4 dS m -1 (Salt); and irrigation with wastewater at full (W100) or at 50% field capacity (W50). The W50 treatment remarkably reduced gas exchange and leaf area in comparison to the control, followed by Salt and W100 treatments. Reduction in photosynthesis lowered leaf-sucrose content in the four treatments. Total soluble sugar contents increased in W50, Salt, and W100 treatments, while starch content remained almost unaltered. Proline and glycine betaine contents increased in these treatments, but the latter was quantitatively more important as osmotic and cellular protector. Full irrigation with wastewater induces similar effects to the ones caused by irrigation with saline water. Irrigation with limited amounts of wastewater caused an acute stress to plants, probably due to a combination of water deficit and solute accumulation in the soil.

Esterco bovino líquido em luvissolo sódico: Resposta biométrica e produtiva do maracujazeiro amarelo

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of liquid bovine biofertilizer on the biometry and the dry matter production of yellow passion fruit seedlings grown on sodic Luvissol. The experiment was performed in the Department of Soil and Rural Agricultural Engineering of the Center of Agricultural Sciences (CCA), Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), from August to October 2008. The experimental design was that of randomized blocks in split plots, where the plots were the levels of liquid biofertilizer at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% by volume of 10% of the total substratum volume (250 mL), the subplots were the five plant evaluation periods (45, 60, 75, 90 and 105 days after the sowing); the experiment was performed in quadruplicate. The application of biofertilizer was made 30 days before sowing, followed by a washing of the soil (two days after of biofertilizer application); a second application of the biofertilizer was made 48 hours before sowing, followed by a soil washing similar to that of the first application. Non-saline water was used for irrigation, adding the water equivalent to the evapotranspiration rate per 24 hours, based on weighing the pots. The increased level of organic matter input provided greater plant height and stem diameter, as well as greater leaf number, foliar area and total dry matter, surpassing the control by 134.78; 114.72; 127.35; 416.54 and 107.97%, respectively.